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| SED(1) | General Commands Manual | SED(1) |
sed —
sed |
[-aEnru-i[extension ]file ... ] |
sed |
[-aEnru-e
command-f
command_file-i[extension ]file ... ] |
sed utility reads the specified files, or
the standard input if no files are specified, modifying the input as specified
by a list of commands. The input is then written to the standard output.
A single command may be specified as the first argument to
sed. Multiple commands may be specified
separated by newlines or semicolons, or by using the
-e or -f
options. All commands are applied to the input in the order they are specified
regardless of their origin.
The options are as follows:
-aw function or flag are created (or
truncated) before any processing begins, by default. The
-a option causes
sed to delay opening each file until a
command containing the related w
function or flag is applied to a line of input.-E-e
command-f
command_file-i[-r-E, for compatibility with
GNU sed.-n-n option suppresses this
behavior.-used command is as follows:
[address[,address]]function[arguments]sed cyclically copies a line of
input, not including its terminating newline character, into a
pattern space, (unless there is something left
after a D function), applies all of the
commands with addresses that select that pattern space, copies the pattern
space to the standard output, appending a newline, and deletes the pattern
space.
Some of the functions use a hold space to save all
or part of the pattern space for subsequent retrieval.
$’) that addresses the last line of
input, or a context address (which consists of a regular expression preceded
and followed by a delimiter).
A command line with no addresses selects every pattern space.
A command line with one address selects all of the pattern spaces that match the
address.
A command line with two addresses selects the inclusive range from the first
pattern space that matches the first address through the next pattern space
that matches the second. (If the second address is a number less than or equal
to the line number first selected, only that line is selected.) Starting at
the first line following the selected range,
sed starts looking again for the first
address.
Editing commands can be applied to non-selected pattern spaces by use of the
exclamation character (‘!’) function.
sed regular expressions are basic
regular expressions (BREs). Extended regular expressions are supported using
the -E and
-r options. See
re_format(7) for more
information on regular expressions. In addition,
sed has the following two additions to
BREs:
\’) or newline character may be
used to delimit the regular expression. The opening delimiter should be
preceded by a backslash unless it is a slash. Putting a backslash
character before the delimiting character causes the character to be
treated literally. For example, in the context address \xabc\xdefx, the RE
delimiter is an ‘x’ and the second ‘x’ stands
for itself, so that the regular expression is “abcxdef”.
sed regular
expressions is that they can default to the last regular expression used. If a
regular expression is empty, i.e., just the delimiter characters are
specified, the last regular expression encountered is used instead. The last
regular expression is defined as the last regular expression used as part of
an address or substitute command, and at run-time, not compile-time. For
example, the command “/abc/s//XXX/” will substitute
“XXX” for the pattern “abc”.
r and
w functions, as well as the
w flag to the
s function, take a
file parameter, which should be separated
from the function or flag by whitespace. Files are created (or their contents
truncated) before any input processing begins.
The b, r,
s, t,
w, y,
and : functions all accept additional
arguments. The synopses below indicate which arguments have to be separated
from the function letters by whitespace characters.
Functions can be combined to form a function list,
a list of sed functions each followed by a
newline, as follows:
{ function
function
...
function
}
a\
N function or by beginning a new
cycle.b
[label]: function with the
specified label. If the label is not
specified, branch to the end of the script.c\
dDgGhHi\
l$’.nNpPqr
files/RE/replacement/flags&’) appearing in
the replacement is replaced by the string matching the regular expression.
The special meaning of ‘&’ in
this context can be suppressed by preceding it by a backslash. The string
‘\#’, where
‘#’ is a digit, is replaced by the
text matched by the corresponding backreference expression (see
re_format(7)).
A line can be split by substituting a newline character into it. To specify
a newline character in the replacement string, precede it with a
backslash.
The value of flags in the substitute
function is zero or more of the following:
1 ...
9.gpw
filet
[label]: function bearing the
label if any substitutions have been made
since the most recent reading of an input line or execution of a
t function. If no label is specified,
branch to the end of the script.w
filexy/string1/string2/:labelb and
t commands may branch.=##’ and the remainder of the
line are ignored (treated as a comment), with the single exception that if
the first two characters in the file are
‘#n’, the default output is
suppressed. This is the same as specifying the
-n option on the command line.COLUMNSl function is formatted to the given
width in columns. Otherwise, sed
defaults to the terminal width, or 80 columns if the output is not a
terminal.sed utility exits 0 on success,
and >0 if an error occurs.
sed utility is compliant with the
IEEE Std 1003.1-2008
(“POSIX.1”) specification.
The flags [-aEiru-f
command_file) is portable.
sed command appeared in
Version 7 AT&T UNIX.
a,
b, c,
i, r,
t, w,
:, and
#.| December 19, 2017 | OpenBSD-current |