NAME
hier —
layout of filesystems
DESCRIPTION
A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
- /
- Root directory.
- /altroot/
- Alternate (backup) location for the root (‘/’) filesystem (see daily(8)).
- /bin/
- User utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. These programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any system libraries to run.
- /bsd
- Pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory at boot-time).
- /bsd.mp
- Pure kernel executable for multiprocessor machines.
- /bsd.rd
- Installation kernel. The built-in RAM disk contains utilities which can be run without an external file system, so this kernel is useful for limited system maintenance too.
- /bsd.sp
- Pure kernel executable for single processor machines.
- /dev/
- Block and character device files.
- MAKEDEV
- Script for creating device files (see MAKEDEV(8)).
- fd/
- File descriptor files (see fd(4)).
- /etc/
- System configuration files and scripts.
- localtime
- Local time zone information (see ctime(3)).
- X11/
- Configuration files for the X11 window system.
- acme/
- Private keys for acme-client(1).
- amd/
- Contains map files for amd(8).
- authpf/
- Configuration files for the authenticating gateway user shell (see authpf(8)).
- examples/
- Example configuration files for base system daemons.
- firmware/
- Firmware files for various devices.
- fonts/
- Configuration files for X11 window system fonts.
- hotplug/
- Scripts for the hotplug daemon, hotplugd(8).
- iked/
- Configuration files for iked(8).
- isakmpd/
- Configuration files for isakmpd(8).
- ldap/
- Certificates and schema definition files for ldapd(8).
- login.conf.d/
- Additional login attributes for login.conf(5).
- mail/
- System mail configuration files.
- mtree/
- mtree(8) configuration files.
- npppd/
- npppd(8) configuration files.
- ppp/
- pppd(8) configuration files.
- raddb/servers/
- List of radius servers and their associated shared secrets for login_radius(8).
- rc.d/
- packages(7) start/stop scripts and subroutines for rc(8).
- rpki/
- TAL and configuration files for rpki-client(8).
- signify/
- Key files used by signify(1).
- skel/
- Example ‘.’ (dot) files for new accounts.
- skey/
- One-time password user database for skey(1).
- ssh/
- Configuration files for ssh(1) and sshd(8).
- ssl/
- OpenSSL configuration files (see openssl(1)).
- /home/
- Default location for user home directories.
- _sysupgrade/
- Download location for sysupgrade(8).
- /mnt/
- Empty directory commonly used by system administrators as a temporary mount point.
- /root/
- Default home directory for the superuser.
- /sbin/
- System programs and administration utilities fundamental to both single and multi-user environments. Most of these programs are statically compiled and therefore do not depend on any system libraries to run.
- /tmp/
- Temporary files that are not preserved between system reboots. Periodically cleaned by daily(8).
- /usr/
- Contains the majority of user utilities and applications.
- X11R6/
- Files required for the X11 window system.
- bin/
- X11 binaries.
- include/
- X11-specific C include files.
- lib/
- X11 archive libraries.
- X11/
- Default configuration files for X11 and companion applications.
- modules/
- Various libraries and drivers for the X11 window system.
- pkgconfig/
- Package metadata for pkg-config(1).
- xorg/
- Data files used by the X server.
- man/
- X11 manual pages.
- share/
- Architecture independent data files.
- bin/
- Common utilities, programming tools, and applications.
- games/
- Useful and semi-frivolous programs.
- include/
- Standard C include files.
- arpa/
- C include files for Internet service protocols.
- c++/
- Include files for the Clang C++ compiler.
- cbor/
- C include files for the Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) library.
- crypto/
- C include files for the cryptographic libraries.
- ddb/
- C include files for the kernel debugger (see ddb(4)).
- dev/
- Device-specific C include files.
- fido/
- C include files for the U2F/FIDO2 communication library.
- g++/
- Include files for the GNU C++ compiler.
- isofs/
- C include files for the ISO standard file systems (currently only cd9660).
- llvm/
- C++ include files for LLVM.
- llvm-c/
- C include files for LLVM.
- machine/
- Machine specific C include files.
- miscfs/
- C include files for miscellaneous file systems.
- msdosfs/
- C include files for MS-DOS file system.
- net/
- Miscellaneous network C include files.
- net80211/
- C include files for 802.11 wireless networking.
- netinet/
- C include files for Internet standard protocols (see inet(4)).
- netinet6/
- C include files for Internet protocol version 6 (see inet6(4)).
- netmpls/
- C include files for the MPLS protocol.
- nfs/
- C include files for NFS (Network File System).
- ntfs/
- C include files for NTFS file system.
- openssl/
- C include files for the OpenSSL library (see ssl(8)).
- protocols/
- C include files for Berkeley service protocols.
- readline/
- C include files for the readline(3) library.
- rpc/
- C include files for remote procedure calling (see rpc(5)).
- rpcsvc/
- C include files for rpcsvc.
- scsi/
- SCSI-specific C include files.
- sys/
- System C include files (kernel data structures).
- ufs/
- C include files for UFS (the U-word File System).
- uvm/
- C include files for the virtual memory interface.
- lib/
- System libraries. See intro(3) for a description of library types.
- libdata/
- Miscellaneous utility data files.
- cvs/
- Placeholder for user contributed cvs(1) code/scripts.
- ldscripts/
- ELF linker scripts.
- perl5/
- Data files for perl(1).
- libexec/
- System daemons and utilities (executed by other programs).
- auth/
- Login scripts used to authenticate users (for BSD Authentication).
- cvs/contrib/
- User contributed cvs(1) scripts.
- lpr/
- Contains the lpf filter for lpd(8).
- radiusd/
- Authentication modules for radiusd(8).
- snmpd/
- SNMP subagents.
- local/
- Local executables, libraries, etc.
- mdec/
- Boot-related executables.
- obj/
- Architecture specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree.
- ports/
- The OpenBSD ports collection (see ports(7)).
- sbin/
- System daemons and utilities (executed by users).
- share/
- Architecture independent data files.
- calendar/
- Variety of pre-fab calendar files (see calendar(1)).
- dict/
- Word lists (see
look(1) and
spell(1)).
- american
- Spellings preferred in American usage.
- british
- Spellings preferred in British usage.
- propernames
- List of proper names.
- stop
- Forms that would otherwise be derivable by spell(1) from words in the other files in /usr/share/dict, but should not be accepted.
- web2
- Words from Webster's 2nd International.
- web2a
- Additional words from Webster's.
- words
- Common words.
- papers/
- Reference databases.
- special/
- Custom word lists.
- doc/
- Miscellaneous documentation.
- games/
- ASCII text files used by various games.
- info/
- Texinfo source files.
- locale/
- Locales for multi-language support.
- man/
- Manual pages.
- man1/
- General commands (tools and utilities).
- man2/
- System calls and error numbers.
- man3/
- Libraries.
- man3p/
- perl(1) programmers' reference guide.
- man4/
- Special files and hardware support.
- man5/
- File formats.
- man6/
- Games.
- man7/
- Miscellaneous.
- man8/
- System maintenance and operation commands.
- man9/
- Kernel internals.
- misc/
- Miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files.
- termcap
- Terminal characteristics database (see termcap(5)).
- pcvtfonts/
- Additional console fonts.
- mk/
- Templates for make(1).
- relink/
- Link kit for boot-time kernel and library relinking.
- snmp/
- Data files for
snmpd(8).
- mibs/
- Management Information Base (MIB) definitions.
- tabset/
- Tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in the termcap file (see termcap(5)).
- terminfo/
- Compiled terminal characteristic files (see terminfo(5)).
- texinfo/
- Templates for texinfo(5).
- zoneinfo/
- Time zone configuration information (see tzfile(5)).
- src/
- BSD and/or local source files.
- bin/
- Source for files in /bin.
- distrib/
- Source for making distribution sets.
- etc/
- Source for files in /etc.
- games/
- Source for files in /usr/games.
- gnu/
- Source for files under GPL or other restrictive licenses.
- include/
- Source for files in /usr/include.
- lib/
- Source for files in /usr/lib.
- libexec/
- Source for files in /usr/libexec.
- regress/
- Regress framework.
- sbin/
- Source for files in /sbin.
- share/
- Source for files in /usr/share.
- sys/
- Kernel source files.
- usr.bin/
- Source for files in /usr/bin.
- usr.sbin/
- Source for files in /usr/sbin.
- xenocara/
- Source for the X11 window system.
- xobj/
- Architecture specific target tree produced by building the /usr/xenocara tree.
- /var/
- Multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files.
- account/
- System accounting files.
- acct
- Execution accounting file (see acct(5)).
- agentx/
- Master socket for AgentX-based backends, managed by snmpd(8).
- audit/
- Audit logs.
- authpf/
- PID file for authpf(8).
- backups/
- Miscellaneous backup files.
- cache/
- Data cached for programs.
- crash/
- Crash dumps written by savecore(8).
- cron/
- Spools and configuration files for
cron(8) and
at(1).
- atjobs/
- at(1) jobs.
- tabs/
- Individual crontab(1) files.
- db/
- Miscellaneous, automatically generated system-specific database files.
- empty/
- Generic chroot(2) directory.
- games/
- Miscellaneous game status and log files.
- log/
- Miscellaneous system log files.
- wtmp
- Login/logout log (see wtmp(5)).
- rdist/
- Log files for rdist(1).
- mail/
- User mailbox files.
- nsd/
- Database and zone files for nsd(8).
- quotas/
- Filesystem quota information files.
- run/
- System information files describing various info about the system
since it was booted.
- rc.d/
- Details of currently running daemons; used by rc.d(8).
- utmp
- Database of current users (see utmp(5)).
- spool/
- Miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories.
- ftp/
- Commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory.
- lock/
- Lock files for utilities such as pppd(8).
- output/
- Line printer spooling directories.
- smtpd/
- Mail spool for smtpd(8).
- sysmerge/
- Checksum files and reference sets for sysmerge(8).
- syspatch/
- Rollback tarballs and patch files for syspatch(8).
- tmp -> ../tmp
- A symbolic link to the system /tmp directory. To protect other users of /var from overfill conditions, this is no longer a space you can trust to retain storage over a reboot. Periodically cleaned by daily(8).
- unbound/
- Configuration files for unbound(8).
- www/
- Configuration files for httpd(8).
- yp/
- Files for the yp(8) subsystem.
SEE ALSO
apropos(1), find(1), locate(1), whatis(1), whereis(1), which(1)
HISTORY
A hier manual page appeared in
Version 7 AT&T UNIX.