NAME
kill —
terminate or signal a
process
SYNOPSIS
kill |
[-signal_number |
-signal_name |
-s signal_name]
pid ... |
kill |
-l [exit_status] |
DESCRIPTION
The kill utility sends a signal to the
process(es) specified by the pid operand(s). If no
signal is specified, the TERM signal is used.
Only the superuser may send signals to other users' processes.
The options are as follows:
-l[exit_status]- Display the name of the signal corresponding to
exit_status. exit_status may
be the exit status of a command killed by a signal (see the special
sh(1) parameter
‘?’) or a signal number.
If no operand is given, display the names of all the signals.
-signal_number |-signal_name |-ssignal_name- A non-negative decimal integer or a symbolic name specifying the signal to
be sent instead of the default
TERM.
The following PIDs have special meanings:
- -1
- If superuser, broadcast the signal to all processes; otherwise, broadcast to all processes belonging to the user.
- 0
- Send the signal to all processes whose group ID is equal to the process group ID of the sender, and for which the process has permission.
- -pgid
- Send the signal to all processes within the specified process group.
Some of the more commonly used signals:
| 1 | HUP |
(hang up) |
| 2 | INT |
(interrupt) |
| 3 | QUIT |
(quit) |
| 6 | ABRT |
(abort) |
| 9 | KILL |
(non-catchable, non-ignorable kill) |
| 14 | ALRM |
(alarm clock) |
| 15 | TERM |
(software termination signal) |
For a complete list, consult the signal(3) manual page.
A signal number of 0 (kill
-0 pid) does not send a
signal, but only checks the validity of a certain PID. It succeeds if
pid exists or raises an error otherwise.
EXIT STATUS
The kill utility exits 0 on
success, and >0 if an error occurs.
EXAMPLES
Forcibly terminate process ID 1234:
$ kill -9 1234Send the init(8) process the hangup signal, instructing it to re-read ttys(5):
# kill -HUP 1SEE ALSO
STANDARDS
The kill utility is compliant with the
IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 (“POSIX.1”)
specification.
The -signal_name and
-signal_number syntax is
marked by IEEE Std 1003.1-2008
(“POSIX.1”) as being an X/Open System Interfaces
option.
kill also exists as a built-in to
csh(1) and
ksh(1), though
with a different syntax.
HISTORY
A kill command appeared in
Version 3 AT&T UNIX.