| PMAP_INIT(9) | Kernel Developer's Manual | PMAP_INIT(9) |
pmap_init,
pmap_enter, pmap_kenter_pa,
pmap_remove, pmap_kremove,
pmap_unwire, pmap_protect,
pmap_page_protect,
pmap_is_modified,
pmap_clear_modify,
pmap_is_referenced,
pmap_clear_reference,
pmap_copy_page,
pmap_zero_page, pmap_create,
pmap_reference,
pmap_destroy,
pmap_steal_memory,
pmap_growkernel,
pmap_update, pmap_collect,
pmap_virtual_space,
pmap_copy — machine
dependent interface to the MMU
#include
<machine/pmap.h>
The architecture-dependent pmap module
describes how the physical mapping is done between the user-processes and
kernel virtual addresses and the physical addresses of the main memory,
providing machine-dependent translation and access tables that are used
directly or indirectly by the memory-management hardware. The
pmap layer can be viewed as a big array of mapping
entries that are indexed by virtual address to produce a physical address
and flags. These flags describe the page's protection, whether the page has
been referenced or modified and other characteristics.
The pmap interface is consistent across
all platforms and hides the way page mappings are stored.
void
pmap_init(void);
The pmap_init() function is called from
the machine-independent uvm_init(9)
initialization code, when the MMU is enabled.
Modified/referenced information is only tracked for pages managed
by UVM (pages for which a vm_page structure exists). Only managed mappings
of those pages have modified/referenced tracking. The use of unmanaged
mappings should be limited to code which may execute in interrupt context
(such as malloc(9)) or to enter mappings
for physical addresses which are not managed by UVM. This allows
pmap modules to avoid blocking interrupts when
manipulating data structures or holding locks. Unmanaged mappings may only
be entered into the kernel's virtual address space. The modified/referenced
bits must be tracked on a per-page basis, as they are not attributes of a
mapping, but attributes of a page. Therefore, even after all mappings for a
given page have been removed, the modified/referenced bits for that page
must be preserved. The only time the modified/referenced bits may be cleared
is when UVM explicitly calls the pmap_clear_modify()
and pmap_clear_reference() functions. These
functions must also change any internal state necessary to detect the page
being modified or referenced again after the modified/referenced state is
cleared.
Mappings entered by pmap_enter() are
managed, mappings entered by pmap_kenter_pa() are
not.
int
pmap_enter(pmap_t
pmap, vaddr_t va,
paddr_t pa,
vm_prot_t prot,
int flags);
void
pmap_kenter_pa(vaddr_t
va, paddr_t pa,
vm_prot_t prot);
void
pmap_remove(pmap_t
pmap, vaddr_t sva,
vaddr_t eva);
void
pmap_kremove(vaddr_t
va, vsize_t
size);
The pmap_enter() function creates a
managed mapping for physical page pa at the specified
virtual address va in the target physical map
pmap with protection specified by
prot:
The flags argument contains protection bits (the same bits used in the prot argument) indicating the type of access that caused the mapping to be created. This information may be used to seed modified/referenced information for the page being mapped, possibly avoiding redundant faults on platforms that track modified/referenced information in software. Other information provided by flags:
pmap_enter() is allowed to fail. If
this flag is not set, and the pmap_enter() call is
unable to create the mapping, perhaps due to insufficient resources, the
pmap module must panic.The access type provided in the flags argument will never exceed the protection specified by prot.
The pmap_enter() function is called by the
fault routine to establish a mapping for the page being faulted in. If
pmap_enter() is called to enter a mapping at a
virtual address for which a mapping already exists, the previous mapping
must be invalidated. pmap_enter() is sometimes
called to change the protection for a pre-existing mapping, or to change the
“wired” attribute for a pre-existing mapping.
The pmap_kenter_pa() function creates an
unmanaged mapping of physical address pa at the
specified virtual address va with the protection
specified by prot.
The pmap_remove() function removes the
range of virtual addresses sva to
eva from pmap, assuming proper
alignment. pmap_remove() is called during an unmap
operation to remove low-level machine dependent mappings.
The pmap_kremove() function removes an
unmanaged mapping at virtual address va of size
size.
A call to pmap_update() must be made after
pmap_kenter_pa() or
pmap_kremove() to notify the
pmap layer that the mappings need to be made
correct.
void
pmap_unwire(pmap_t
pmap, vaddr_t
va);
void
pmap_protect(pmap_t
pmap, vaddr_t sva,
vaddr_t eva,
vm_prot_t prot);
void
pmap_page_protect(struct
vm_page *pg, vm_prot_t
prot);
The pmap_unwire() function clears the
wired attribute for a map/virtual-address pair. The mapping must already
exist in pmap.
The pmap_protect() function sets the
physical protection on range sva to
eva, in pmap.
The pmap_protect() function is called
during a copy-on-write operation to write protect copy-on-write memory, and
when paging out a page to remove all mappings of a page. The
pmap_page_protect() function sets the permission for
all mapping to page pg. The
pmap_page_protect() function is called before a
pageout operation to ensure that all pmap references to a page are
removed.
boolean_t
pmap_is_modified(struct
vm_page *pg);
boolean_t
pmap_clear_modify(struct
vm_page *pg);
boolean_t
pmap_is_referenced(struct
vm_page *pg);
boolean_t
pmap_clear_reference(struct
vm_page *pg);
The pmap_is_modified() and
pmap_clear_modify() functions read/set the modify
bits on the specified physical page pg. The
pmap_is_referenced() and
pmap_clear_reference() functions read/set the
reference bits on the specified physical page pg.
The pmap_is_referenced() and
pmap_is_modified() functions are called by the
pagedaemon when looking for pages to free. The
pmap_clear_referenced() and
pmap_clear_modify() functions are called by the
pagedaemon to help identification of pages that are no longer in demand.
void
pmap_copy_page(struct
vm_page *src, struct
vm_page *dst);
void
pmap_zero_page(struct
vm_page *page);
The pmap_copy_page() function copies the
content of the physical page src to physical page
dst.
The pmap_zero_page() function fills
page with zeroes.
pmap_t
pmap_create(void);
void
pmap_reference(pmap_t
pmap);
void
pmap_destroy(pmap_t
pmap);
The pmap_create() function creates an
instance of the pmap structure.
The pmap_reference() function increments
the reference count on pmap.
The pmap_destroy() function decrements the
reference count on physical map pmap and retires it
from service if the count drops to zero, assuming it contains no valid
mappings.
vaddr_t
pmap_steal_memory(vsize_t
size, vaddr_t
*vstartp, vaddr_t
*vendp);
vaddr_t
pmap_growkernel(vaddr_t
maxkvaddr);
void
pmap_update(pmap_t
pmap);
void
pmap_collect(pmap_t
pmap);
void
pmap_virtual_space(vaddr_t
*vstartp, vaddr_t
*vendp);
void
pmap_copy(pmap_t
dst_pmap, pmap_t
src_pmap, vaddr_t
dst_addr, vsize_t
len, vaddr_t
src_addr);
Wired memory allocation before the virtual memory system is
bootstrapped is accomplished by the
pmap_steal_memory() function. After that point, the
kernel memory allocation routines should be used.
The pmap_growkernel() function can
preallocate kernel page tables to a specified virtual address.
The pmap_update() function notifies the
pmap module to force processing of all delayed
actions for all pmaps.
The pmap_collect() function informs the
pmap module that the given pmap is
not expected to be used for some time, giving the
pmap module a chance to prioritize. The initial
bounds of the kernel virtual address space are returned by
pmap_virtual_space().
The pmap_copy() function copies the range
specified by src_addr and
src_len from src_pmap to the
range described by dst_addr and
dst_len in dst_map.
pmap_copy() is called during a
fork(2) operation to give the child process
an initial set of low-level mappings.
The 4.4BSD pmap
module is based on Mach 3.0. The introduction of UVM left the
pmap interface unchanged for the most part.
Ifdefs must be documented.
pmap_update() should be mandatory.
| December 16, 2019 | OpenBSD-current |