NAME
at
, batch
—
queue, examine or delete jobs for later
execution
SYNOPSIS
at |
[-bm ] [-f
file] [-l
[job ...]] [-q
queue] -t
time_arg | timespec |
at |
-c | -r
job ... |
batch |
[-m ] [-f
file] [-q
queue] [timespec] |
DESCRIPTION
at
and batch
read
commands from standard input or a specified file which are to be executed at
a later time, via the user's shell as specified by the
SHELL
environment variable. If
SHELL
is not set, the shell in the user's password
database entry is used instead. If all else fails,
sh(1) will be
used.
The related programs are as follows:
at
- Executes commands at a specified time.
batch
- Executes commands when system load levels permit. In other words, when the load average drops below 1.5, or the value specified in the invocation of cron(8).
The options are as follows:
-b
- An alias for
batch
. -c
job ...- Prints the jobs listed on the command line to standard output.
-f
file- Reads the job from file rather than standard input.
-l
[job ...]- Displays the queue of jobs which are currently awaiting execution. If a job argument is specified, only the specified jobs will be displayed. Unless the user is the superuser, only the user's own jobs will be displayed.
-m
- Send mail to the user when the job has completed, even if there was no output.
-q
queue- Uses the specified queue. A queue designation consists of a single letter.
Valid queue designations range from a to
z and
A to
Z. The
c queue is the default for
at
and the E queue forbatch
. Queues with higher letters run with increased niceness. If a job is submitted to a queue designated with an uppercase letter, it is treated as if it had been submitted to batch at that time. If the user specified the-l
option andat
is given a specific queue, only jobs pending in that queue will be shown. -r
job ...- Remove the specified job(s) from the
at
queue. -t
time_arg- Specify the job time. The argument should be of the form
[[cc]yy]mmddHHMM[.SS]
(matching touch(1)'s
-t
format), where the parts of the argument represent the following:- ccyy
- Year. If yy is specified, but cc is not, a value for yy between 69 and 99 results in a cc value of 19. Otherwise, a cc value of 20 is used.
- mm
- Month: a number from 1 to 12.
- dd
- Day: a number from 1 to 31.
- HH
- Hour: a number from 0 to 23.
- MM
- Minute: a number from 0 to 59.
- SS
- Second: a number from 0 to 60 (permitting a leap second), preceded by a period. The default is 0.
- timespec
- As well as the
-t
option,at
alternatively allows some moderately complex timespec specifications. It accepts times of the form HHMM or HH:MM to run a job at a specific time of day (if that time is already past, the next day is assumed). It is also possible to specifymidnight
,noon
,now
, orteatime
(4pm), or have a time-of-day suffixed withAM
orPM
for running in the morning or the evening. To say what day the job will be run, give a date in the form month-name day with an optional year, or giving a date of the form dd.mm.ccyy, dd.mm.yy, mm/dd/ccyy, mm/dd/yy, mmddccyy, or mmddyy.The year may be given as two or four digits. If the year is given as two digits, it is taken to occur as soon as possible in the future, which may be in the next century — unless it's last year, in which case it's considered to be a typo.
The specification of a date must follow the specification of the time of day. A time like [
now
]+
count time-units may be given, where the time-units can beminutes
,hours
,days
,weeks
,months
, oryears
(the singular forms are also accepted). To tellat
to run the job today or tomorrow, suffix the time withtoday
ortomorrow
. Thenext
keyword may be used as an alias for+ 1
.For example, to run a job at 4pm three days from now, use
at 4pm + 3 days
. To run a job at 10:00am on July 31, useat 10am Jul 31
. To run a job at 1am tomorrow, useat 1am tomorrow
. To run a job at midnight in one week's time, useat midnight next week
.
For both at
and
batch
, commands are read from standard input (or the
file specified with the -f
option) and executed. The
working directory, the environment (except for the variables
BASH_VERSINFO
, DISPLAY
,
EUID
, GROUPS
,
PPID
, SHELLOPTS
,
SSH_AGENT_PID
,
SSH_AUTH_SOCK
, TERM
,
TERMCAP
, UID
, and
_
), and the umask are retained
from the time of invocation. An at
or
batch
command invoked from a
su(1) shell will
retain the current user ID. The user will be mailed standard error and
standard output from his commands, if any. If at
is
executed from a su(1) shell, the owner of the login shell will receive the mail.
For non-root users, permission to run
at
is determined by the files
/var/cron/at.allow and
/var/cron/at.deny.
Note: these files
must be readable by group crontab (if they exist).
If the file /var/cron/at.allow exists,
only usernames mentioned in it are allowed to use
at
. If /var/cron/at.allow
does not exist, /var/cron/at.deny is checked. Every
username not mentioned in it is then allowed to use
at
. If neither exists, only the superuser is allowed
to run at
.
An empty /var/cron/at.deny means that every user is allowed to use these commands. This is the default configuration.
FILES
- /var/cron/atjobs
- directory containing job files
- /var/cron/at.allow
- allow permission control
- /var/cron/at.deny
- deny permission control
EXIT STATUS
The at
utility exits with one of the
following values:
- 0
- Jobs were successfully submitted, removed, or listed.
- >0
- An error occurred.
SEE ALSO
atq(1), atrm(1), nice(1), sh(1), touch(1), umask(2), cron(8)
STANDARDS
The at
and batch
utilities are compliant with the specification.
The at
flags [-bc
]
and the teatime
timespec are
extensions to that specification.
states that batch
is equivalent to running
"at -q b -m now
". This implementation
permits a timespec argument, as well as the ability to
read from a file (-f
) and specify a job queue
(-q
), and does not send mail to the user
(-m
) by default.
By default, schedules at
jobs in queue
a and batch
jobs in queue
b.
The at.allow/deny mechanism is marked by as being an X/Open System Interfaces option.
AUTHORS
at
was mostly written by
Thomas Koenig
<ig25@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>.
The time parsing routines are by David Parsons
<orc@pell.chi.il.us>.
BUGS
at
and batch
as
presently implemented are not suitable when users are competing for
resources. If this is the case consider another batch system, such as
nqs
.