NAME

at, batch — queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

at and batch read commands from standard input or a specified file which are to be executed at a later time, via the user's shell as specified by the SHELL environment variable. If SHELL is not set, the shell in the user's password database entry is used instead. If all else fails, sh(1) will be used.

The related programs are as follows:

at

Executes commands at a specified time.

batch

Executes commands when system load levels permit. In other words, when the load average drops below 1.5, or the value specified in the invocation of cron(8).

The options are as follows:

-b

An alias for batch.

-c job ...

Prints the jobs listed on the command line to standard output.

-f file

Reads the job from file rather than standard input.

-l [job ...]

Displays the queue of jobs which are currently awaiting execution. If a job argument is specified, only the specified jobs will be displayed. Unless the user is the superuser, only the user's own jobs will be displayed.

-m

Send mail to the user when the job has completed, even if there was no output.

-q queue

Uses the specified queue. A queue designation consists of a single letter. Valid queue designations range from a to z and A to Z. The c queue is the default for at and the E queue for batch. Queues with higher letters run with increased niceness. If a job is submitted to a queue designated with an uppercase letter, it is treated as if it had been submitted to batch at that time. If the user specified the -l option and at is given a specific queue, only jobs pending in that queue will be shown.

-r job ...

Remove the specified job(s) from the at queue.

-t time_arg

Specify the job time. The argument should be of the form [[cc]yy]mmddHHMM[.SS], where the parts of the argument represent the following:

ccyy

Year. If yy is specified, but cc is not, a value for yy between 69 and 99 results in a cc value of 19. Otherwise, a cc value of 20 is used.

mm

Month: a number from 1 to 12.

dd

Day: a number from 1 to 31.

HH

Hour: a number from 0 to 23.

MM

Minute: a number from 0 to 59.

SS

Second: a number from 0 to 60 (permitting a leap second), preceded by a period. The default is 0.

at allows some moderately complex timespec specifications. It accepts times of the form HHMM or HH:MM to run a job at a specific time of day. (If that time is already past, the next day is assumed.) You may also specify midnight, noon, or teatime (4pm) and you can have a time-of-day suffixed with AM or PM for running in the morning or the evening. You can also say what day the job will be run, by giving a date in the form month-name day with an optional year, or giving a date of the form dd.mm.ccyy, dd.mm.yy, mm/dd/ccyy, mm/dd/yy, mmddccyy, or mmddyy.

The year may be given as two or four digits. If the year is given as two digits, it is taken to occur as soon as possible in the future, which may be in the next century — unless it's last year, in which case it's considered to be a typo.

The specification of a date must follow the specification of the time of day. You can also give times like [now] + count time-units, where the time-units can be minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, or years (the singular forms are also accepted). You can tell at to run the job today by suffixing the time with today and to run the job tomorrow by suffixing the time with tomorrow. The next keyword may be used as an alias for + 1.

For example, to run a job at 4pm three days from now, you would do at 4pm + 3 days. To run a job at 10:00am on July 31, you would do at 10am Jul 31. To run a job at 1am tomorrow, you would do at 1am tomorrow. To run a job at midnight in one week's time, you would do at midnight next week.

The at utility also supports the time format used by touch(1) (see the -t option).

For both at and batch, commands are read from standard input (or the file specified with the -f option) and executed. The working directory, the environment (except for the variables BASH_VERSINFO, DISPLAY, EUID, GROUPS, PPID, SHELLOPTS, SSH_AGENT_PID, SSH_AUTH_SOCK, TERM, TERMCAP, UID, and _), and the umask are retained from the time of invocation. An at or batch command invoked from a su(1) shell will retain the current user ID. The user will be mailed standard error and standard output from his commands, if any. If at is executed from a su(1) shell, the owner of the login shell will receive the mail.

For non-root users, permission to run at is determined by the files /var/cron/at.allow and /var/cron/at.deny. Note: these files must be readable by group crontab (if they exist).

If the file /var/cron/at.allow exists, only usernames mentioned in it are allowed to use at. If /var/cron/at.allow does not exist, /var/cron/at.deny is checked. Every username not mentioned in it is then allowed to use at. If neither exists, only the superuser is allowed to run at.

An empty /var/cron/at.deny means that every user is allowed to use these commands. This is the default configuration.

FILES

/var/cron/atjobs

directory containing job files

/var/cron/at.allow

allow permission control

/var/cron/at.deny

deny permission control

EXIT STATUS

The at utility exits with one of the following values:

SEE ALSO

atq(1), atrm(1), nice(1), sh(1), touch(1), umask(2), cron(8)

STANDARDS

The at and batch utilities are compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 (“POSIX.1”) specification.

The at flags [-bc] and the batch flags [-fmq], as well as the teatime keyword, are extensions to that specification.

IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 (“POSIX.1”) states that batch jobs are submitted to the queue "with no time constraints"; this implementation permits a timespec argument.

The at.allow/deny mechanism is marked by IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 (“POSIX.1”) as being an X/Open System Interfaces option.

AUTHORS

at was mostly written by Thomas Koenig <ig25@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>. The time parsing routines are by David Parsons <orc@pell.chi.il.us>.

BUGS

at and batch as presently implemented are not suitable when users are competing for resources. If this is the case for your site, you might want to consider another batch system, such as nqs.