NAME

tzset, tzsetwall — initialize time conversion information

SYNOPSIS

#include <time.h>

void
tzset(void);

void
tzsetwall(void);

DESCRIPTION

tzset() uses the value of the environment variable TZ to set time conversion information used by localtime(3). If TZ does not appear in the environment, the best available approximation to local wall clock time, as specified by the tzfile(5) format file /etc/localtime, is used by localtime(3).

If TZ appears in the environment but its value is a null string, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is used (without leap second correction).

If TZ appears in the environment and its value begins with a colon, it is used as a pathname of a file from which to read the time conversion information.

If TZ appears in the environment and its value does not begin with a colon, it is first used as the pathname of a file from which to read the time conversion information, and, if that file cannot be read, is used directly as a specification of the time conversion information.

When TZ is used as a pathname, if it begins with a slash, it is used as an absolute pathname; otherwise, it is used as a pathname relative to a system time conversion information directory. The file must be in the format specified in tzfile(5).

When TZ is used directly as a specification of the time conversion information, it must have the following syntax (without whitespace between std and offset):

Where:

std and dst

Three or more bytes that are the designation for the standard (std) or summer (dst) time zone. Only std is required; if dst is missing, then summer time does not apply in this locale. Upper and lowercase letters are explicitly allowed. Any characters except a leading colon (‘:’), digits, comma (‘,’), minus (‘-’), plus (‘+’), and ASCII NUL are allowed.

offset

Indicates the value one must add to the local time to arrive at Coordinated Universal Time. offset has the form:

hh[:mm[:ss]]

The minutes (mm) and seconds (ss) are optional. The hour (hh) is required and may be a single digit. The offset following std is required. If no offset follows dst, summer time is assumed to be one hour ahead of standard time. One or more digits may be used; the value is always interpreted as a decimal number. The hour must be between zero and 24, and the minutes (and seconds) — if present — between zero and 59. If preceded by a “-”, the time zone shall be east of the Prime Meridian; otherwise it shall be west (which may be indicated by an optional preceding “+”).

rule

Indicates when to change to and back from summer time. rule has the form:

date/time,date/time

where the first date describes when the change from standard to summer time occurs and the second date describes when the change back happens. Each time field describes when, in current local time, the change to the other time is made.

The format of date is one of the following:

Jn

The Julian day n (1 <= n <= 365). Leap days are not counted; that is, in all years — including leap years — February 28 is day 59 and March 1 is day 60. It is impossible to explicitly refer to the occasional February 29.

n

The zero-based Julian day (0 <= n <= 365). Leap days are counted, and it is possible to refer to February 29.

Mm.n.d

Day d (1 <= d <= 6) of week n (1 <= n <= 5) of month m (1 <= m <= 12), where week 5 means “the last d day in month m” which may occur in either the fourth or the fifth week. Week 1 is the first week in which the dth day occurs. Day zero is Sunday.

The time has the same format as offset except that no leading sign (“-” or “+”) is allowed. The default, if time is not given, is 02:00:00.

If no rule is present in TZ, the rules specified by the tzfile(5) format file posixrules in the system time conversion information directory are used, with the standard and summer time offsets from UTC replaced by those specified by the offset values in TZ.

For compatibility with System V Release 3.1, a semicolon (‘;’) may be used to separate the rule from the rest of the specification.

If the TZ environment variable does not specify a tzfile(5) format file and cannot be interpreted as a direct specification, UTC is used.

tzsetwall() behaves identically to tzset() but it only uses the /etc/localtime file (that is, it ignores the TZ environment variable).

FILES

/usr/share/zoneinfo

time zone information directory

/etc/localtime

local time zone file

/usr/share/zoneinfo/posixrules

used with POSIX-style TZs

/usr/share/zoneinfo/GMT

for UTC leap seconds

If /usr/share/zoneinfo/GMT is absent, UTC leap seconds are loaded from /usr/share/zoneinfo/posixrules.

SEE ALSO

ctime(3), getenv(3), strftime(3), time(3), tzfile(5)

STANDARDS

The tzset() function conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 (“POSIX.1”). The tzsetwall() function is an extension to that specification.