NAME
tmux
—
terminal multiplexer
SYNOPSIS
tmux |
[-2Cluv ]
[-c shell-command]
[-f file]
[-L socket-name]
[-S socket-path]
[command [flags]] |
DESCRIPTION
tmux
is a terminal multiplexer: it enables
a number of terminals to be created, accessed, and controlled from a single
screen. tmux
may be detached from a screen and
continue running in the background, then later reattached.
When tmux
is started it creates a new
session with a single window and
displays it on screen. A status line at the bottom of the screen shows
information on the current session and is used to enter interactive
commands.
A session is a single collection of
pseudo terminals
under the management of tmux
. Each session has one
or more windows linked to it. A window occupies the entire screen and may be
split into rectangular panes, each of which is a separate pseudo terminal
(the pty(4) manual page documents the technical details of pseudo
terminals). Any number of tmux
instances may connect
to the same session, and any number of windows may be present in the same
session. Once all sessions are killed, tmux
exits.
Each session is persistent and will survive accidental
disconnection (such as
ssh(1) connection timeout) or intentional detaching (with the
‘C-b d
’ key strokes).
tmux
may be reattached using:
$ tmux attach
In tmux
, a session is
displayed on screen by a
client and all
sessions are managed by a single server. The server and
each client are separate processes which communicate through a socket in
/tmp.
The options are as follows:
-2
- Force
tmux
to assume the terminal supports 256 colours. -C
- Start in control mode (see the CONTROL
MODE section). Given twice (
-CC
) disables echo. -c
shell-command- Execute shell-command using the default shell. If
necessary, the
tmux
server will be started to retrieve thedefault-shell
option. This option is for compatibility with sh(1) whentmux
is used as a login shell. -f
file- Specify an alternative configuration file. By default,
tmux
loads the system configuration file from /etc/tmux.conf, if present, then looks for a user configuration file at ~/.tmux.conf.The configuration file is a set of
tmux
commands which are executed in sequence when the server is first started.tmux
loads configuration files once when the server process has started. Thesource-file
command may be used to load a file later.tmux
shows any error messages from commands in configuration files in the first session created, and continues to process the rest of the configuration file. -L
socket-nametmux
stores the server socket in a directory underTMUX_TMPDIR
or /tmp if it is unset. The default socket is named default. This option allows a different socket name to be specified, allowing several independenttmux
servers to be run. Unlike-S
a full path is not necessary: the sockets are all created in the same directory.If the socket is accidentally removed, the
SIGUSR1
signal may be sent to thetmux
server process to recreate it (note that this will fail if any parent directories are missing).-l
- Behave as a login shell. This flag currently has no effect and is for compatibility with other shells when using tmux as a login shell.
-S
socket-path- Specify a full alternative path to the server socket. If
-S
is specified, the default socket directory is not used and any-L
flag is ignored. -u
- When starting,
tmux
looks for theLC_ALL
,LC_CTYPE
andLANG
environment variables: if the first found contains ‘UTF-8
’, then the terminal is assumed to support UTF-8. This is not always correct: the-u
flag explicitly informstmux
that UTF-8 is supported.Note that
tmux
itself always accepts UTF-8; this controls whether it will send UTF-8 characters to the terminal it is running (if not, they are replaced by ‘_
’). -v
- Request verbose logging. Log messages will be saved into
tmux-client-PID.log and
tmux-server-PID.log files in the current
directory, where
PID is the
PID of the server or client process.
If
-v
is specified twice, an additional tmux-out-PID.log file is generated with a copy of everythingtmux
writes to the terminal.The
SIGUSR2
signal may be sent to thetmux
server process to toggle logging between on (as if-v
was given) and off. - command [flags]
- This specifies one of a set of commands used to control
tmux
, as described in the following sections. If no commands are specified, thenew-session
command is assumed.
DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS
tmux
may be controlled from an attached
client by using a key combination of a prefix key,
‘C-b
’ (Ctrl-b) by default, followed by
a command key.
The default command key bindings are:
- C-b
- Send the prefix key (C-b) through to the application.
- C-o
- Rotate the panes in the current window forwards.
- C-z
- Suspend the
tmux
client. - !
- Break the current pane out of the window.
- "
- Split the current pane into two, top and bottom.
- #
- List all paste buffers.
- $
- Rename the current session.
- %
- Split the current pane into two, left and right.
- &
- Kill the current window.
- '
- Prompt for a window index to select.
- (
- Switch the attached client to the previous session.
- )
- Switch the attached client to the next session.
- ,
- Rename the current window.
- -
- Delete the most recently copied buffer of text.
- .
- Prompt for an index to move the current window.
- 0 to 9
- Select windows 0 to 9.
- :
- Enter the
tmux
command prompt. - ;
- Move to the previously active pane.
- =
- Choose which buffer to paste interactively from a list.
- ?
- List all key bindings.
- D
- Choose a client to detach.
- L
- Switch the attached client back to the last session.
- [
- Enter copy mode to copy text or view the history.
- ]
- Paste the most recently copied buffer of text.
- c
- Create a new window.
- d
- Detach the current client.
- f
- Prompt to search for text in open windows.
- i
- Display some information about the current window.
- l
- Move to the previously selected window.
- n
- Change to the next window.
- o
- Select the next pane in the current window.
- p
- Change to the previous window.
- q
- Briefly display pane indexes.
- r
- Force redraw of the attached client.
- m
- Mark the current pane (see
select-pane
-m
). - M
- Clear the marked pane.
- s
- Select a new session for the attached client interactively.
- t
- Show the time.
- w
- Choose the current window interactively.
- x
- Kill the current pane.
- z
- Toggle zoom state of the current pane.
- {
- Swap the current pane with the previous pane.
- }
- Swap the current pane with the next pane.
- ~
- Show previous messages from
tmux
, if any. - Page Up
- Enter copy mode and scroll one page up.
- Up, Down
- Left, Right
- Change to the pane above, below, to the left, or to the right of the current pane.
- M-1 to M-5
- Arrange panes in one of the five preset layouts: even-horizontal, even-vertical, main-horizontal, main-vertical, or tiled.
- Space
- Arrange the current window in the next preset layout.
- M-n
- Move to the next window with a bell or activity marker.
- M-o
- Rotate the panes in the current window backwards.
- M-p
- Move to the previous window with a bell or activity marker.
- C-Up, C-Down
- C-Left, C-Right
- Resize the current pane in steps of one cell.
- M-Up, M-Down
- M-Left, M-Right
- Resize the current pane in steps of five cells.
Key bindings may be changed with the
bind-key
and unbind-key
commands.
COMMANDS
This section contains a list of the commands supported by
tmux
. Most commands accept the optional
-t
(and sometimes -s
)
argument with one of target-client,
target-session target-window, or
target-pane. These specify the client, session, window
or pane which a command should affect.
target-client should be the name of the
client, typically the
pty(4) file to which the client is connected, for example either of
/dev/ttyp1 or ttyp1 for the
client attached to /dev/ttyp1. If no client is
specified, tmux
attempts to work out the client
currently in use; if that fails, an error is reported. Clients may be listed
with the list-clients
command.
target-session is tried as, in order:
- A session ID prefixed with a $.
- An exact name of a session (as listed by the
list-sessions
command). - The start of a session name, for example
‘
mysess
’ would match a session named ‘mysession
’. - An fnmatch(3) pattern which is matched against the session name.
If the session name is prefixed with an
‘=
’, only an exact match is accepted
(so ‘=mysess
’ will only match exactly
‘mysess
’, not
‘mysession
’).
If a single session is found, it is used as the target session; multiple matches produce an error. If a session is omitted, the current session is used if available; if no current session is available, the most recently used is chosen.
target-window (or src-window or dst-window) specifies a window in the form session:window. session follows the same rules as for target-session, and window is looked for in order as:
- A special token, listed below.
- A window index, for example
‘
mysession:1
’ is window 1 in session ‘mysession
’. - A window ID, such as @1.
- An exact window name, such as
‘
mysession:mywindow
’. - The start of a window name, such as
‘
mysession:mywin
’. - As an fnmatch(3) pattern matched against the window name.
Like sessions, a ‘=
’ prefix
will do an exact match only. An empty window name specifies the next unused
index if appropriate (for example the new-window
and
link-window
commands) otherwise the current window
in session is chosen.
The following special tokens are available to indicate particular windows. Each has a single-character alternative form.
Token | Meaning | |
{start} |
^ | The lowest-numbered window |
{end} |
$ | The highest-numbered window |
{last} |
! | The last (previously current) window |
{next} |
+ | The next window by number |
{previous} |
- | The previous window by number |
target-pane (or
src-pane or dst-pane) may be a
pane ID or takes a similar form to target-window but
with the optional addition of a period followed by a pane index or pane ID,
for example: ‘mysession:mywindow.1
’.
If the pane index is omitted, the currently active pane in the specified
window is used. The following special tokens are available for the pane
index:
Token | Meaning | |
{last} |
! | The last (previously active) pane |
{next} |
+ | The next pane by number |
{previous} |
- | The previous pane by number |
{top} |
The top pane | |
{bottom} |
The bottom pane | |
{left} |
The leftmost pane | |
{right} |
The rightmost pane | |
{top-left} |
The top-left pane | |
{top-right} |
The top-right pane | |
{bottom-left} |
The bottom-left pane | |
{bottom-right} |
The bottom-right pane | |
{up-of} |
The pane above the active pane | |
{down-of} |
The pane below the active pane | |
{left-of} |
The pane to the left of the active pane | |
{right-of} |
The pane to the right of the active pane |
The tokens ‘+
’ and
‘-
’ may be followed by an offset, for
example:
select-window -t:+2
In addition,
target-session,
target-window
or
target-pane
may consist entirely of the token
‘{mouse}
’ (alternative form
‘=
’) to specify the most recent mouse
event (see the MOUSE SUPPORT
section) or ‘{marked}
’ (alternative
form ‘~
’) to specify the marked pane
(see select-pane
-m
).
Sessions, window and panes are each numbered with a unique ID;
session IDs are prefixed with a ‘$
’,
windows with a ‘@
’, and panes with a
‘%
’. These are unique and are
unchanged for the life of the session, window or pane in the
tmux
server. The pane ID is passed to the child
process of the pane in the TMUX_PANE
environment
variable. IDs may be displayed using the
‘session_id
’,
‘window_id
’, or
‘pane_id
’ formats (see the
FORMATS section) and the
display-message
,
list-sessions
, list-windows
or list-panes
commands.
shell-command arguments are sh(1) commands. This may be a single argument passed to the shell, for example:
new-window 'vi /etc/passwd'
Will run:
/bin/sh -c 'vi /etc/passwd'
Additionally, the new-window
,
new-session
, split-window
,
respawn-window
and
respawn-pane
commands allow
shell-command to be given as multiple arguments and
executed directly (without ‘sh -c
’).
This can avoid issues with shell quoting. For example:
$ tmux new-window vi /etc/passwd
Will run vi(1) directly without invoking the shell.
command [arguments]
refers to a tmux
command, passed with the command
and arguments separately, for example:
bind-key F1 set-option status off
Or if using sh(1):
$ tmux bind-key F1 set-option status off
Multiple commands may be specified together as part of a
command sequence. Each command should be separated by
spaces and a semicolon; commands are executed sequentially from left to
right and lines ending with a backslash continue on to the next line, except
when escaped by another backslash. A literal semicolon may be included by
escaping it with a backslash (for example, when specifying a command
sequence to bind-key
).
Example tmux
commands include:
refresh-client -t/dev/ttyp2 rename-session -tfirst newname set-window-option -t:0 monitor-activity on new-window ; split-window -d bind-key R source-file ~/.tmux.conf \; \ display-message "source-file done"
Or from sh(1):
$ tmux kill-window -t :1 $ tmux new-window \; split-window -d $ tmux new-session -d 'vi /etc/passwd' \; split-window -d \; attach
CLIENTS AND SESSIONS
The tmux
server manages clients, sessions,
windows and panes. Clients are attached to sessions to interact with them,
either when they are created with the new-session
command, or later with the attach-session
command.
Each session has one or more windows
linked
into it. Windows may be linked to multiple sessions and are made up of one
or more panes, each of which contains a pseudo terminal. Commands for
creating, linking and otherwise manipulating windows are covered in the
WINDOWS AND PANES section.
The following commands are available to manage clients and sessions:
attach-session
[-dEr
] [-c
working-directory] [-t
target-session]-
(alias:) If run from outside
attach
tmux
, create a new client in the current terminal and attach it to target-session. If used from inside, switch the current client. If-d
is specified, any other clients attached to the session are detached.-r
signifies the client is read-only (only keys bound to thedetach-client
orswitch-client
commands have any effect)If no server is started,
attach-session
will attempt to start it; this will fail unless sessions are created in the configuration file.The target-session rules for
attach-session
are slightly adjusted: iftmux
needs to select the most recently used session, it will prefer the most recently used unattached session.-c
will set the session working directory (used for new windows) to working-directory.If
-E
is used, theupdate-environment
option will not be applied. detach-client
[-aP
] [-E
shell-command] [-s
target-session] [-t
target-client]-
(alias:) Detach the current client if bound to a key, the client specified with
detach
-t
, or all clients currently attached to the session specified by-s
. The-a
option kills all but the client given with-t
. If-P
is given, send SIGHUP to the parent process of the client, typically causing it to exit. With-E
, run shell-command to replace the client. has-session
[-t
target-session]-
(alias:) Report an error and exit with 1 if the specified session does not exist. If it does exist, exit with 0.
has
kill-server
- Kill the
tmux
server and clients and destroy all sessions. kill-session
[-aC
] [-t
target-session]- Destroy the given session, closing any windows linked to it and no other
sessions, and detaching all clients attached to it. If
-a
is given, all sessions but the specified one is killed. The-C
flag clears alerts (bell, activity, or silence) in all windows linked to the session. list-clients
[-F
format] [-t
target-session]-
(alias:) List all clients attached to the server. For the meaning of the
lsc
-F
flag, see the FORMATS section. If target-session is specified, list only clients connected to that session. list-commands
[-F
format]-
(alias:) List the syntax of all commands supported by
lscm
tmux
. list-sessions
[-F
format]-
(alias:) List all sessions managed by the server. For the meaning of the
ls
-F
flag, see the FORMATS section. lock-client
[-t
target-client]-
(alias:) Lock target-client, see the
lockc
lock-server
command. lock-session
[-t
target-session]-
(alias:) Lock all clients attached to target-session.
locks
new-session
[-AdDEP
] [-c
start-directory] [-F
format] [-n
window-name] [-s
session-name] [-t
group-name] [-x
width] [-y
height] [shell-command]-
(alias:) Create a new session with name session-name.
new
The new session is attached to the current terminal unless
-d
is given. window-name and shell-command are the name of and shell command to execute in the initial window. With-d
, the initial size is 80 x 24;-x
and-y
can be used to specify a different size. ‘-
’ uses the size of the current client if any.If run from a terminal, any termios(4) special characters are saved and used for new windows in the new session.
The
-A
flag makesnew-session
behave likeattach-session
if session-name already exists; in this case,-D
behaves like-d
toattach-session
.If
-t
is given, it specifies asession group
. Sessions in the same group share the same set of windows - new windows are linked to all sessions in the group and any windows closed removed from all sessions. The current and previous window and any session options remain independent and any session in a group may be killed without affecting the others. The group-name argument may be:- the name of an existing group, in which case the new session is added to that group;
- the name of an existing session - the new session is added to the same group as that session, creating a new group if necessary;
- the name for a new group containing only the new session.
-n
and shell-command are invalid if-t
is used.The
-P
option prints information about the new session after it has been created. By default, it uses the format ‘#{session_name}:
’ but a different format may be specified with-F
.If
-E
is used, theupdate-environment
option will not be applied. refresh-client
[-cDlLRSU
] [-C
width,height] [-t
target-client] [adjustment]-
(alias:) Refresh the current client if bound to a key, or a single client if one is given with
refresh
-t
. If-S
is specified, only update the client's status line.-C
sets the width and height of a control client.-l
requests the clipboard from the client using the xterm(1) escape sequence and stores it in a new paste buffer.-L
,-R
,-U
and-D
move the visible portion of the window left, right, up or down by adjustment, if the window is larger than the client.-c
resets so that the position follows the cursor. See thewindow-size
option. rename-session
[-t
target-session] new-name-
(alias:) Rename the session to new-name.
rename
show-messages
[-JT
] [-t
target-client]-
(alias:) Show client messages or server information. Any messages displayed on the status line are saved in a per-client message log, up to a maximum of the limit set by the message-limit server option. With
showmsgs
-t
, display the log for target-client.-J
and-T
show debugging information about jobs and terminals. source-file
[-q
] path-
(alias:) Execute commands from path (which may be a glob(7) pattern). If
source
-q
is given, no error will be returned if path does not exist.Within a configuration file, commands may be made conditional by surrounding them with %if and %endif lines. Additional %elif and %else lines may also be used. The argument to %if and %elif is expanded as a format and if it evaluates to false (zero or empty), subsequent lines are ignored until the next %elif, %else or %endif. For example:
%if #{==:#{host},myhost} set -g status-style bg=red %elif #{==:#{host},myotherhost} set -g status-style bg=green %else set -g status-style bg=blue %endif
Will change the status line to red if running on ‘
myhost
’, green if running on ‘myotherhost
’, or blue if running on another host. start-server
-
(alias:) Start the
start
tmux
server, if not already running, without creating any sessions. suspend-client
[-t
target-client]-
(alias:) Suspend a client by sending
suspendc
SIGTSTP
(tty stop). switch-client
[-Elnpr
] [-c
target-client] [-t
target-session] [-T
key-table]-
(alias:) Switch the current session for client target-client to target-session. If
switchc
-l
,-n
or-p
is used, the client is moved to the last, next or previous session respectively.-r
toggles whether a client is read-only (see theattach-session
command).If
-E
is used,update-environment
option will not be applied.-T
sets the client's key table; the next key from the client will be interpreted from key-table. This may be used to configure multiple prefix keys, or to bind commands to sequences of keys. For example, to make typing ‘abc
’ run thelist-keys
command:bind-key -Ttable2 c list-keys bind-key -Ttable1 b switch-client -Ttable2 bind-key -Troot a switch-client -Ttable1
WINDOWS AND PANES
A tmux
window may be in one of two modes.
The default permits direct access to the terminal attached to the window.
The other is copy mode, which permits a section of a window or its history
to be copied to a paste buffer for later insertion into
another window. This mode is entered with the
copy-mode
command, bound to
‘[
’ by default. It is also entered
when a command that produces output, such as
list-keys
, is executed from a key binding.
Commands are sent to copy mode using the
-X
flag to the send-keys
command. When a key is pressed, copy mode automatically uses one of two key
tables, depending on the mode-keys
option:
copy-mode
for emacs, or
copy-mode-vi
for vi. Key tables may be viewed with
the list-keys
command.
The following commands are supported in copy mode:
Copy commands may take an optional buffer prefix argument which is
used to generate the buffer name (the default is
‘buffer
’ so buffers are named
‘buffer0
’,
‘buffer1
’ and so on). Pipe commands
take a command argument which is the command to which the copied text is
piped. The ‘-and-cancel
’ variants of
some commands exit copy mode after they have completed (for copy commands)
or when the cursor reaches the bottom (for scrolling commands).
The next and previous word keys use space and the
‘-
’,
‘_
’ and
‘@
’ characters as word delimiters by
default, but this can be adjusted by setting the
word-separators session option. Next word moves to the
start of the next word, next word end to the end of the next word and
previous word to the start of the previous word. The three next and previous
space keys work similarly but use a space alone as the word separator.
The jump commands enable quick movement within a line. For
instance, typing ‘f
’ followed by
‘/
’ will move the cursor to the next
‘/
’ character on the current line. A
‘;
’ will then jump to the next
occurrence.
Commands in copy mode may be prefaced by an optional repeat count. With vi key bindings, a prefix is entered using the number keys; with emacs, the Alt (meta) key and a number begins prefix entry.
The synopsis for the copy-mode
command
is:
copy-mode
[-Meu
] [-t
target-pane]- Enter copy mode. The
-u
option scrolls one page up.-M
begins a mouse drag (only valid if bound to a mouse key binding, see MOUSE SUPPORT).-e
specifies that scrolling to the bottom of the history (to the visible screen) should exit copy mode. While in copy mode, pressing a key other than those used for scrolling will disable this behaviour. This is intended to allow fast scrolling through a pane's history, for example with:bind PageUp copy-mode -eu
Each window displayed by tmux
may be split into one or more
panes; each pane
takes up a certain area of the display and is a separate terminal. A window
may be split into panes using the split-window
command. Windows may be split horizontally (with the
-h
flag) or vertically. Panes may be resized with
the resize-pane
command (bound to
‘C-Up
’,
‘C-Down
’
‘C-Left
’ and
‘C-Right
’ by default), the current
pane may be changed with the select-pane
command and
the rotate-window
and
swap-pane
commands may be used to swap panes without
changing their position. Panes are numbered beginning from zero in the order
they are created.
A number of preset
layouts are
available. These may be selected with the
select-layout
command or cycled with
next-layout
(bound to
‘Space
’ by default); once a layout is
chosen, panes within it may be moved and resized as normal.
The following layouts are supported:
even-horizontal
- Panes are spread out evenly from left to right across the window.
even-vertical
- Panes are spread evenly from top to bottom.
main-horizontal
- A large (main) pane is shown at the top of the window and the remaining panes are spread from left to right in the leftover space at the bottom. Use the main-pane-height window option to specify the height of the top pane.
main-vertical
- Similar to
main-horizontal
but the large pane is placed on the left and the others spread from top to bottom along the right. See the main-pane-width window option. tiled
- Panes are spread out as evenly as possible over the window in both rows and columns.
In addition, select-layout
may be used to
apply a previously used layout - the list-windows
command displays the layout of each window in a form suitable for use with
select-layout
. For example:
$ tmux list-windows 0: ksh [159x48] layout: bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0} $ tmux select-layout bb62,159x48,0,0{79x48,0,0,79x48,80,0}
tmux
automatically adjusts the size of the
layout for the current window size. Note that a layout cannot be applied to
a window with more panes than that from which the layout was originally
defined.
Commands related to windows and panes are as follows:
break-pane
[-dP
] [-F
format] [-n
window-name] [-s
src-pane] [-t
dst-window]-
(alias:) Break src-pane off from its containing window to make it the only pane in dst-window. If
breakp
-d
is given, the new window does not become the current window. The-P
option prints information about the new window after it has been created. By default, it uses the format ‘#{session_name}:#{window_index}
’ but a different format may be specified with-F
. capture-pane
[-aepPqCJ
] [-b
buffer-name] [-E
end-line] [-S
start-line] [-t
target-pane]-
(alias:) Capture the contents of a pane. If
capturep
-p
is given, the output goes to stdout, otherwise to the buffer specified with-b
or a new buffer if omitted. If-a
is given, the alternate screen is used, and the history is not accessible. If no alternate screen exists, an error will be returned unless-q
is given. If-e
is given, the output includes escape sequences for text and background attributes.-C
also escapes non-printable characters as octal \xxx.-J
joins wrapped lines and preserves trailing spaces at each line's end.-P
captures only any output that the pane has received that is the beginning of an as-yet incomplete escape sequence.-S
and-E
specify the starting and ending line numbers, zero is the first line of the visible pane and negative numbers are lines in the history. ‘-
’ to-S
is the start of the history and to-E
the end of the visible pane. The default is to capture only the visible contents of the pane. choose-client
[-NZ
] [-F
format] [-f
filter] [-O
sort-order] [-t
target-pane] [template]- Put a pane into client mode, allowing a client to be selected
interactively from a list.
-Z
zooms the pane. The following keys may be used in client mode:Key Function Enter
Choose selected client Up
Select previous client Down
Select next client C-s
Search by name n
Repeat last search t
Toggle if client is tagged T
Tag no clients C-t
Tag all clients d
Detach selected client D
Detach tagged clients x
Detach and HUP selected client X
Detach and HUP tagged clients z
Suspend selected client Z
Suspend tagged clients f
Enter a format to filter items O
Change sort order v
Toggle preview q
Exit mode After a client is chosen, ‘
%%
’ is replaced by the client name in template and the result executed as a command. If template is not given, "detach-client -t '%%'" is used.-O
specifies the initial sort order: one of ‘name
’, ‘size
’, ‘creation
’, or ‘activity
’.-f
specifies an initial filter: the filter is a format - if it evaluates to zero, the item in the list is not shown, otherwise it is shown. If a filter would lead to an empty list, it is ignored.-F
specifies the format for each item in the list.-N
starts without the preview. This command works only if at least one client is attached. choose-tree
[-GNswZ
] [-F
format] [-f
filter] [-O
sort-order] [-t
target-pane] [template]- Put a pane into tree mode, where a session, window or pane may be chosen
interactively from a list.
-s
starts with sessions collapsed and-w
with windows collapsed.-Z
zooms the pane. The following keys may be used in tree mode:Key Function Enter
Choose selected item Up
Select previous item Down
Select next item x
Kill selected item X
Kill tagged items <
Scroll list of previews left >
Scroll list of previews right C-s
Search by name n
Repeat last search t
Toggle if item is tagged T
Tag no items C-t
Tag all items :
Run a command for each tagged item f
Enter a format to filter items O
Change sort order v
Toggle preview q
Exit mode After a session, window or pane is chosen, ‘
%%
’ is replaced by the target in template and the result executed as a command. If template is not given, "switch-client -t '%%'" is used.-O
specifies the initial sort order: one of ‘index
’, ‘name
’, or ‘time
’.-f
specifies an initial filter: the filter is a format - if it evaluates to zero, the item in the list is not shown, otherwise it is shown. If a filter would lead to an empty list, it is ignored.-F
specifies the format for each item in the tree.-N
starts without the preview.-G
includes all sessions in any session groups in the tree rather than only the first. This command works only if at least one client is attached. display-panes
[-b
] [-d
duration] [-t
target-client] [template]-
(alias:) Display a visible indicator of each pane shown by target-client. See the
displayp
display-panes-colour
anddisplay-panes-active-colour
session options. The indicator is closed when a key is pressed or duration milliseconds have passed. If-d
is not given,display-panes-time
is used. A duration of zero means the indicator stays until a key is pressed. While the indicator is on screen, a pane may be chosen with the ‘0
’ to ‘9
’ keys, which will cause template to be executed as a command with ‘%%
’ substituted by the pane ID. The default template is "select-pane -t '%%'". With-b
, other commands are not blocked from running until the indicator is closed. find-window
[-CNTZ
] [-t
target-pane] match-string-
(alias:) Search for the fnmatch(3) pattern match-string in window names, titles, and visible content (but not history). The flags control matching behavior:
findw
-C
matches only visible window contents,-N
matches only the window name and-T
matches only the window title. The default is-CNT
.-Z
zooms the pane.This command works only if at least one client is attached.
join-pane
[-bdhv
] [-l
size |-p
percentage] [-s
src-pane] [-t
dst-pane]-
(alias:) Like
joinp
split-window
, but instead of splitting dst-pane and creating a new pane, split it and move src-pane into the space. This can be used to reversebreak-pane
. The-b
option causes src-pane to be joined to left of or above dst-pane.If
-s
is omitted and a marked pane is present (seeselect-pane
-m
), the marked pane is used rather than the current pane. kill-pane
[-a
] [-t
target-pane]-
(alias:) Destroy the given pane. If no panes remain in the containing window, it is also destroyed. The
killp
-a
option kills all but the pane given with-t
. kill-window
[-a
] [-t
target-window]-
(alias:) Kill the current window or the window at target-window, removing it from any sessions to which it is linked. The
killw
-a
option kills all but the window given with-t
. last-pane
[-de
] [-t
target-window]-
(alias:) Select the last (previously selected) pane.
lastp
-e
enables or-d
disables input to the pane. last-window
[-t
target-session]-
(alias:) Select the last (previously selected) window. If no target-session is specified, select the last window of the current session.
last
link-window
[-adk
] [-s
src-window] [-t
dst-window]-
(alias:) Link the window at src-window to the specified dst-window. If dst-window is specified and no such window exists, the src-window is linked there. With
linkw
-a
, the window is moved to the next index up (following windows are moved if necessary). If-k
is given and dst-window exists, it is killed, otherwise an error is generated. If-d
is given, the newly linked window is not selected. list-panes
[-as
] [-F
format] [-t
target]-
(alias:) If
lsp
-a
is given, target is ignored and all panes on the server are listed. If-s
is given, target is a session (or the current session). If neither is given, target is a window (or the current window). For the meaning of the-F
flag, see the FORMATS section. list-windows
[-a
] [-F
format] [-t
target-session]-
(alias:) If
lsw
-a
is given, list all windows on the server. Otherwise, list windows in the current session or in target-session. For the meaning of the-F
flag, see the FORMATS section. move-pane
[-bdhv
] [-l
size |-p
percentage] [-s
src-pane] [-t
dst-pane]-
(alias:) Like
movep
join-pane
, but src-pane and dst-pane may belong to the same window. move-window
[-ardk
] [-s
src-window] [-t
dst-window]-
(alias:) This is similar to
movew
link-window
, except the window at src-window is moved to dst-window. With-r
, all windows in the session are renumbered in sequential order, respecting thebase-index
option. new-window
[-adkP
] [-c
start-directory] [-F
format] [-n
window-name] [-t
target-window] [shell-command]-
(alias:) Create a new window. With
neww
-a
, the new window is inserted at the next index up from the specified target-window, moving windows up if necessary, otherwise target-window is the new window location.If
-d
is given, the session does not make the new window the current window. target-window represents the window to be created; if the target already exists an error is shown, unless the-k
flag is used, in which case it is destroyed. shell-command is the command to execute. If shell-command is not specified, the value of thedefault-command
option is used.-c
specifies the working directory in which the new window is created.When the shell command completes, the window closes. See the
remain-on-exit
option to change this behaviour.The
TERM
environment variable must be set to ‘screen
’ or ‘tmux
’ for all programs running insidetmux
. New windows will automatically have ‘TERM=screen
’ added to their environment, but care must be taken not to reset this in shell start-up files.The
-P
option prints information about the new window after it has been created. By default, it uses the format ‘#{session_name}:#{window_index}
’ but a different format may be specified with-F
. next-layout
[-t
target-window]-
(alias:) Move a window to the next layout and rearrange the panes to fit.
nextl
next-window
[-a
] [-t
target-session]-
(alias:) Move to the next window in the session. If
next
-a
is used, move to the next window with an alert. pipe-pane
[-IOo
] [-t
target-pane] [shell-command]-
(alias:) Pipe output sent by the program in target-pane to a shell command or vice versa. A pane may only be connected to one command at a time, any existing pipe is closed before shell-command is executed. The shell-command string may contain the special character sequences supported by the
pipep
status-left
option. If no shell-command is given, the current pipe (if any) is closed.-I
and-O
specify which of the shell-command output streams are connected to the pane: with-I
stdout is connected (so anything shell-command prints is written to the pane as if it were typed); with-O
stdin is connected (so any output in the pane is piped to shell-command). Both may be used together and if neither are specified,-O
is used.The
-o
option only opens a new pipe if no previous pipe exists, allowing a pipe to be toggled with a single key, for example:bind-key C-p pipe-pane -o 'cat >>~/output.#I-#P'
previous-layout
[-t
target-window]-
(alias:) Move to the previous layout in the session.
prevl
previous-window
[-a
] [-t
target-session]-
(alias:) Move to the previous window in the session. With
prev
-a
, move to the previous window with an alert. rename-window
[-t
target-window] new-name-
(alias:) Rename the current window, or the window at target-window if specified, to new-name.
renamew
resize-pane
[-DLMRUZ
] [-t
target-pane] [-x
width] [-y
height] [adjustment]-
(alias:) Resize a pane, up, down, left or right by adjustment with
resizep
-U
,-D
,-L
or-R
, or to an absolute size with-x
or-y
. The adjustment is given in lines or cells (the default is 1).With
-Z
, the active pane is toggled between zoomed (occupying the whole of the window) and unzoomed (its normal position in the layout).-M
begins mouse resizing (only valid if bound to a mouse key binding, see MOUSE SUPPORT). resize-window
[-aADLRU
] [-t
target-window] [-x
width] [-y
height] [adjustment]-
(alias:) Resize a window, up, down, left or right by adjustment with
resizew
-U
,-D
,-L
or-R
, or to an absolute size with-x
or-y
. The adjustment is given in lines or cells (the default is 1).-A
sets the size of the largest session containing the window;-a
the size of the smallest. This command will automatically setwindow-size
to manual in the window options. respawn-pane
[-c
start-directory] [-k
] [-t
target-pane] [shell-command]-
(alias:) Reactivate a pane in which the command has exited (see the
respawnp
remain-on-exit
window option). If shell-command is not given, the command used when the pane was created is executed. The pane must be already inactive, unless-k
is given, in which case any existing command is killed.-c
specifies a new working directory for the pane. respawn-window
[-c
start-directory] [-k
] [-t
target-window] [shell-command]-
(alias:) Reactivate a window in which the command has exited (see the
respawnw
remain-on-exit
window option). If shell-command is not given, the command used when the window was created is executed. The window must be already inactive, unless-k
is given, in which case any existing command is killed.-c
specifies a new working directory for the window. rotate-window
[-DU
] [-t
target-window]-
(alias:) Rotate the positions of the panes within a window, either upward (numerically lower) with
rotatew
-U
or downward (numerically higher). select-layout
[-Enop
] [-t
target-pane] [layout-name]-
(alias:) Choose a specific layout for a window. If layout-name is not given, the last preset layout used (if any) is reapplied.
selectl
-n
and-p
are equivalent to thenext-layout
andprevious-layout
commands.-o
applies the last set layout if possible (undoes the most recent layout change).-E
spreads the current pane and any panes next to it out evenly. select-pane
[-DdegLlMmRU
] [-P
style] [-T
title] [-t
target-pane]-
(alias:) Make pane target-pane the active pane in window target-window, or set its style (with
selectp
-P
). If one of-D
,-L
,-R
, or-U
is used, respectively the pane below, to the left, to the right, or above the target pane is used.-l
is the same as using thelast-pane
command.-e
enables or-d
disables input to the pane.-m
and-M
are used to set and clear the marked pane. There is one marked pane at a time, setting a new marked pane clears the last. The marked pane is the default target for-s
tojoin-pane
,swap-pane
andswap-window
.Each pane has a style: by default the
window-style
andwindow-active-style
options are used,select-pane
-P
sets the style for a single pane. For example, to set the pane 1 background to red:select-pane -t:.1 -P 'bg=red'
-g
shows the current pane style.-T
sets the pane title. select-window
[-lnpT
] [-t
target-window]-
(alias:) Select the window at target-window.
selectw
-l
,-n
and-p
are equivalent to thelast-window
,next-window
andprevious-window
commands. If-T
is given and the selected window is already the current window, the command behaves likelast-window
. split-window
[-bdfhvP
] [-c
start-directory] [-l
size |-p
percentage] [-t
target-pane] [shell-command] [-F
format]-
(alias:) Create a new pane by splitting target-pane:
splitw
-h
does a horizontal split and-v
a vertical split; if neither is specified,-v
is assumed. The-l
and-p
options specify the size of the new pane in lines (for vertical split) or in cells (for horizontal split), or as a percentage, respectively. The-b
option causes the new pane to be created to the left of or above target-pane. The-f
option creates a new pane spanning the full window height (with-h
) or full window width (with-v
), instead of splitting the active pane. All other options have the same meaning as for thenew-window
command. swap-pane
[-dDU
] [-s
src-pane] [-t
dst-pane]-
(alias:) Swap two panes. If
swapp
-U
is used and no source pane is specified with-s
, dst-pane is swapped with the previous pane (before it numerically);-D
swaps with the next pane (after it numerically).-d
instructstmux
not to change the active pane.If
-s
is omitted and a marked pane is present (seeselect-pane
-m
), the marked pane is used rather than the current pane. swap-window
[-d
] [-s
src-window] [-t
dst-window]-
(alias:) This is similar to
swapw
link-window
, except the source and destination windows are swapped. It is an error if no window exists at src-window.Like
swap-pane
, if-s
is omitted and a marked pane is present (seeselect-pane
-m
), the window containing the marked pane is used rather than the current window. unlink-window
[-k
] [-t
target-window]-
(alias:) Unlink target-window. Unless
unlinkw
-k
is given, a window may be unlinked only if it is linked to multiple sessions - windows may not be linked to no sessions; if-k
is specified and the window is linked to only one session, it is unlinked and destroyed.
KEY BINDINGS
tmux
allows a command to be bound to most
keys, with or without a prefix key. When specifying keys, most represent
themselves (for example ‘A
’ to
‘Z
’). Ctrl keys may be prefixed with
‘C-
’ or
‘^
’, and Alt (meta) with
‘M-
’. In addition, the following
special key names are accepted: Up,
Down,
Left,
Right,
BSpace,
BTab,
DC (Delete),
End,
Enter,
Escape,
F1 to
F12,
Home,
IC (Insert),
NPage/PageDown/PgDn,
PPage/PageUp/PgUp,
Space,
and Tab.
Note that to bind the ‘"
’ or
‘'
’ keys, quotation marks are
necessary, for example:
bind-key '"' split-window bind-key "'" new-window
Commands related to key bindings are as follows:
bind-key
[-nr
] [-T
key-table] key command [arguments]-
(alias:) Bind key key to command. Keys are bound in a key table. By default (without -T), the key is bound in the prefix key table. This table is used for keys pressed after the prefix key (for example, by default ‘
bind
c
’ is bound tonew-window
in the prefix table, so ‘C-b c
’ creates a new window). The root table is used for keys pressed without the prefix key: binding ‘c
’ tonew-window
in the root table (not recommended) means a plain ‘c
’ will create a new window.-n
is an alias for-T
root. Keys may also be bound in custom key tables and theswitch-client
-T
command used to switch to them from a key binding. The-r
flag indicates this key may repeat, see therepeat-time
option.To view the default bindings and possible commands, see the
list-keys
command. list-keys
[-T
key-table]-
(alias:) List all key bindings. Without
lsk
-T
all key tables are printed. With-T
only key-table. send-keys
[-lMRX
] [-N
repeat-count] [-t
target-pane] key ...-
(alias:) Send a key or keys to a window. Each argument key is the name of the key (such as ‘
send
C-a
’ or ‘NPage
’) to send; if the string is not recognised as a key, it is sent as a series of characters. The-l
flag disables key name lookup and sends the keys literally. All arguments are sent sequentially from first to last. The-R
flag causes the terminal state to be reset.-M
passes through a mouse event (only valid if bound to a mouse key binding, see MOUSE SUPPORT).-X
is used to send a command into copy mode - see the WINDOWS AND PANES section.-N
specifies a repeat count. send-prefix
[-2
] [-t
target-pane]- Send the prefix key, or with
-2
the secondary prefix key, to a window as if it was pressed. unbind-key
[-an
] [-T
key-table] key-
(alias:) Unbind the command bound to key.
unbind
-n
and-T
are the same as forbind-key
. If-a
is present, all key bindings are removed.
OPTIONS
The appearance and behaviour of tmux
may
be modified by changing the value of various options. There are three types
of option: server options, session
options and window options.
The tmux
server has a set of global
options which do not apply to any particular window or session. These are
altered with the set-option
-s
command, or displayed with the
show-options
-s
command.
In addition, each individual session may have a set of session
options, and there is a separate set of global session options. Sessions
which do not have a particular option configured inherit the value from the
global session options. Session options are set or unset with the
set-option
command and may be listed with the
show-options
command. The available server and
session options are listed under the set-option
command.
Similarly, a set of window options is attached to each window, and
there is a set of global window options from which any unset options are
inherited. Window options are altered with the
set-window-option
command and can be listed with the
show-window-options
command. All window options are
documented with the set-window-option
command.
tmux
also supports user options which are
prefixed with a ‘@
’. User options may
have any name, so long as they are prefixed with
‘@
’, and be set to any string. For
example:
$ tmux setw -q @foo "abc123" $ tmux showw -v @foo abc123
Commands which set options are as follows:
set-option
[-aFgoqsuw
] [-t
target-session | target-window] option value-
(alias:) Set a window option with
set
-w
(equivalent to theset-window-option
command), a server option with-s
, otherwise a session option. If-g
is given, the global session or window option is set.-F
expands formats in the option value. The-u
flag unsets an option, so a session inherits the option from the global options (or with-g
, restores a global option to the default).The
-o
flag prevents setting an option that is already set and the-q
flag suppresses errors about unknown or ambiguous options.With
-a
, and if the option expects a string or a style, value is appended to the existing setting. For example:set -g status-left "foo" set -ag status-left "bar"
Will result in ‘
foobar
’. And:set -g status-style "bg=red" set -ag status-style "fg=blue"
Will result in a red background and blue foreground. Without
-a
, the result would be the default background and a blue foreground.Available window options are listed under
set-window-option
.value depends on the option and may be a number, a string, or a flag (on, off, or omitted to toggle).
Available server options are:
buffer-limit
number- Set the number of buffers; as new buffers are added to the top of the stack, old ones are removed from the bottom if necessary to maintain this maximum length.
command-alias[]
name=value- This is an array of custom aliases for commands. If an unknown command
matches name, it is replaced with
value. For example, after:
set -s command-alias[100] zoom='resize-pane -Z'
Using:
zoom -t:.1
Is equivalent to:
resize-pane -Z -t:.1
Note that aliases are expanded when a command is parsed rather than when it is executed, so binding an alias with
bind-key
will bind the expanded form. default-terminal
terminal- Set the default terminal for new windows created in this session - the
default value of the
TERM
environment variable. Fortmux
to work correctly, this must be set to ‘screen
’, ‘tmux
’ or a derivative of them. escape-time
time- Set the time in milliseconds for which
tmux
waits after an escape is input to determine if it is part of a function or meta key sequences. The default is 500 milliseconds. exit-empty
[on
|off
]- If enabled (the default), the server will exit when there are no active sessions.
exit-unattached
[on
|off
]- If enabled, the server will exit when there are no attached clients.
focus-events
[on
|off
]- When enabled, focus events are requested from the terminal if
supported and passed through to applications running in
tmux
. Attached clients should be detached and attached again after changing this option. history-file
path- If not empty, a file to which
tmux
will write command prompt history on exit and load it from on start. message-limit
number- Set the number of error or information messages to save in the message log for each client. The default is 100.
set-clipboard
[on
|external
|off
]- Attempt to set the terminal clipboard content using the
xterm(1) escape sequence, if there is an Ms
entry in the
terminfo(5) description (see the
TERMINFO EXTENSIONS
section).
If set to
on
,tmux
will both accept the escape sequence to create a buffer and attempt to set the terminal clipboard. If set toexternal
,tmux
will attempt to set the terminal clipboard but ignore attempts by applications to settmux
buffers. Ifoff
,tmux
will neither accept the clipboard escape sequence nor attempt to set the clipboard.Note that this feature needs to be enabled in xterm(1) by setting the resource:
disallowedWindowOps: 20,21,SetXprop
Or changing this property from the xterm(1) interactive menu when required.
terminal-overrides[]
string- Allow terminal descriptions read using
terminfo(5) to be overridden. Each entry is a
colon-separated string made up of a terminal type pattern (matched
using fnmatch(3)) and a set of
name=value
entries.
For example, to set the ‘
clear
’ terminfo(5) entry to ‘\e[H\e[2J
’ for all terminal types matching ‘rxvt*
’:rxvt*:clear=\e[H\e[2J
The terminal entry value is passed through strunvis(3) before interpretation.
Available session options are:
activity-action
[any
|none
|current
|other
]- Set action on window activity when
monitor-activity
is on.any
means activity in any window linked to a session causes a bell or message (depending onvisual-activity
) in the current window of that session,none
means all activity is ignored (equivalent tomonitor-activity
being off),current
means only activity in windows other than the current window are ignored andother
means activity in the current window is ignored but not those in other windows. assume-paste-time
milliseconds- If keys are entered faster than one in
milliseconds, they are assumed to have been
pasted rather than typed and
tmux
key bindings are not processed. The default is one millisecond and zero disables. base-index
index- Set the base index from which an unused index should be searched when a new window is created. The default is zero.
bell-action
[any
|none
|current
|other
]- Set action on a bell in a window when
monitor-bell
is on. The values are the same as those foractivity-action
. default-command
shell-command- Set the command used for new windows (if not specified when the window
is created) to shell-command, which may be any
sh(1) command. The default is an empty string, which instructs
tmux
to create a login shell using the value of thedefault-shell
option. default-shell
path- Specify the default shell. This is used as the login shell for new
windows when the
default-command
option is set to empty, and must be the full path of the executable. When startedtmux
tries to set a default value from the first suitable of theSHELL
environment variable, the shell returned by getpwuid(3), or /bin/sh. This option should be configured whentmux
is used as a login shell. default-size
XxY- Set the default size of windows when the size is not set or the
window-size
option is manual. destroy-unattached
[on
|off
]- If enabled and the session is no longer attached to any clients, it is destroyed.
detach-on-destroy
[on
|off
]- If on (the default), the client is detached when the session it is attached to is destroyed. If off, the client is switched to the most recently active of the remaining sessions.
display-panes-active-colour
colour- Set the colour used by the
display-panes
command to show the indicator for the active pane. display-panes-colour
colour- Set the colour used by the
display-panes
command to show the indicators for inactive panes. display-panes-time
time- Set the time in milliseconds for which the indicators shown by the
display-panes
command appear. display-time
time- Set the amount of time for which status line messages and other on-screen indicators are displayed. If set to 0, messages and indicators are displayed until a key is pressed. time is in milliseconds.
history-limit
lines- Set the maximum number of lines held in window history. This setting applies only to new windows - existing window histories are not resized and retain the limit at the point they were created.
key-table
key-table- Set the default key table to key-table instead of root.
lock-after-time
number- Lock the session (like the
lock-session
command) after number seconds of inactivity. The default is not to lock (set to 0). lock-command
shell-command- Command to run when locking each client. The default is to run
lock(1) with
-np
. message-command-style
style- Set status line message command style. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.
message-style
style- Set status line message style. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.
mouse
[on
|off
]- If on,
tmux
captures the mouse and allows mouse events to be bound as key bindings. See the MOUSE SUPPORT section for details. prefix
key- Set the key accepted as a prefix key. In addition to the standard keys
described under KEY BINDINGS,
prefix
can be set to the special key ‘None
’ to set no prefix. prefix2
key- Set a secondary key accepted as a prefix key. Like
prefix
,prefix2
can be set to ‘None
’. renumber-windows
[on
|off
]- If on, when a window is closed in a session, automatically renumber
the other windows in numerical order. This respects the
base-index
option if it has been set. If off, do not renumber the windows. repeat-time
time- Allow multiple commands to be entered without pressing the prefix-key
again in the specified time milliseconds (the
default is 500). Whether a key repeats may be set when it is bound
using the
-r
flag tobind-key
. Repeat is enabled for the default keys bound to theresize-pane
command. set-titles
[on
|off
]- Attempt to set the client terminal title using the
tsl
and
fsl
terminfo(5) entries if they exist.
tmux
automatically sets these to the \e]0;...\007 sequence if the terminal appears to be xterm(1). This option is off by default. set-titles-string
string- String used to set the window title if
set-titles
is on. Formats are expanded, see the FORMATS section. silence-action
[any
|none
|current
|other
]- Set action on window silence when
monitor-silence
is on. The values are the same as those foractivity-action
. status
[off
|on
|2
|3
|4
|5
]- Show or hide the status line or specify its size. Using
on
gives a status line one row in height;2
,3
,4
or5
more rows. status-format[]
format- Specify the format to be used for each line of the status line. The default builds the top status line from the various individual status options below.
status-interval
interval- Update the status line every interval seconds. By default, updates will occur every 15 seconds. A setting of zero disables redrawing at interval.
status-justify
[left
|centre
|right
]- Set the position of the window list component of the status line: left, centre or right justified.
status-keys
[vi
|emacs
]- Use vi or emacs-style key bindings in the status line, for example at
the command prompt. The default is emacs, unless the
VISUAL
orEDITOR
environment variables are set and contain the string ‘vi
’. status-left
string- Display string (by default the session name) to
the left of the status line. string will be
passed through
strftime(3). Also see the
FORMATS and
STYLES sections.
For details on how the names and titles can be set see the NAMES AND TITLES section.
Examples are:
#(sysctl vm.loadavg) #[fg=yellow,bold]#(apm -l)%%#[default] [#S]
The default is ‘
[#S]
’. status-left-length
length- Set the maximum length of the left component of the status line. The default is 10.
status-left-style
style- Set the style of the left part of the status line. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.
status-position
[top
|bottom
]- Set the position of the status line.
status-right
string- Display string to the right of the status line.
By default, the current pane title in double quotes, the date and the
time are shown. As with
status-left
, string will be passed to strftime(3) and character pairs are replaced. status-right-length
length- Set the maximum length of the right component of the status line. The default is 40.
status-right-style
style- Set the style of the right part of the status line. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.
status-style
style- Set status line style. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.
update-environment[]
variable- Set list of environment variables to be copied into the session
environment when a new session is created or an existing session is
attached. Any variables that do not exist in the source environment
are set to be removed from the session environment (as if
-r
was given to theset-environment
command). user-keys[]
key- Set list of user-defined key escape sequences. Each item is associated
with a key named ‘
User0
’, ‘User1
’, and so on.For example:
set -s user-keys[0] "\e[5;30012~" bind User0 resize-pane -L 3
visual-activity
[on
|off
|both
]- If on, display a message instead of sending a bell when activity
occurs in a window for which the
monitor-activity
window option is enabled. If set to both, a bell and a message are produced. visual-bell
[on
|off
|both
]- If on, a message is shown on a bell in a window for which the
monitor-bell
window option is enabled instead of it being passed through to the terminal (which normally makes a sound). If set to both, a bell and a message are produced. Also see thebell-action
option. visual-silence
[on
|off
|both
]- If
monitor-silence
is enabled, prints a message after the interval has expired on a given window instead of sending a bell. If set to both, a bell and a message are produced. word-separators
string- Sets the session's conception of what characters are considered word
separators, for the purposes of the next and previous word commands in
copy mode. The default is
‘
-_@
’.
set-window-option
[-aFgoqu
] [-t
target-window] option value-
(alias:) Set a window option. The
setw
-a
,-F
,-g
,-o
,-q
and-u
flags work similarly to theset-option
command.Supported window options are:
aggressive-resize
[on
|off
]- Aggressively resize the chosen window. This means that
tmux
will resize the window to the size of the smallest session for which it is the current window, rather than the smallest session to which it is attached. The window may resize when the current window is changed on another sessions; this option is good for full-screen programs which supportSIGWINCH
and poor for interactive programs such as shells. allow-rename
[on
|off
]- Allow programs to change the window name using a terminal escape sequence (\ek...\e\\). The default is off.
alternate-screen
[on
|off
]- This option configures whether programs running inside
tmux
may use the terminal alternate screen feature, which allows the smcup and rmcup terminfo(5) capabilities. The alternate screen feature preserves the contents of the window when an interactive application starts and restores it on exit, so that any output visible before the application starts reappears unchanged after it exits. The default is on. automatic-rename
[on
|off
]- Control automatic window renaming. When this setting is enabled,
tmux
will rename the window automatically using the format specified byautomatic-rename-format
. This flag is automatically disabled for an individual window when a name is specified at creation withnew-window
ornew-session
, or later withrename-window
, or with a terminal escape sequence. It may be switched off globally with:set-window-option -g automatic-rename off
automatic-rename-format
format- The format (see FORMATS) used when
the
automatic-rename
option is enabled. clock-mode-colour
colour- Set clock colour.
clock-mode-style
[12
|24
]- Set clock hour format.
main-pane-height
heightmain-pane-width
width- Set the width or height of the main (left or top) pane in the
main-horizontal
ormain-vertical
layouts. mode-keys
[vi
|emacs
]- Use vi or emacs-style key bindings in copy mode. The default is emacs,
unless
VISUAL
orEDITOR
contains ‘vi
’. mode-style
style- Set window modes style. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.
monitor-activity
[on
|off
]- Monitor for activity in the window. Windows with activity are highlighted in the status line.
monitor-bell
[on
|off
]- Monitor for a bell in the window. Windows with a bell are highlighted in the status line.
monitor-silence
[interval
]- Monitor for silence (no activity) in the window within
interval
seconds. Windows that have been silent for the interval are highlighted in the status line. An interval of zero disables the monitoring. other-pane-height
height- Set the height of the other panes (not the main pane) in the
main-horizontal
layout. If this option is set to 0 (the default), it will have no effect. If both themain-pane-height
andother-pane-height
options are set, the main pane will grow taller to make the other panes the specified height, but will never shrink to do so. other-pane-width
width- Like
other-pane-height
, but set the width of other panes in themain-vertical
layout. pane-active-border-style
style- Set the pane border style for the currently active pane. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section. Attributes are ignored.
pane-base-index
index- Like
base-index
, but set the starting index for pane numbers. pane-border-format
format- Set the text shown in pane border status lines.
pane-border-status
[off
|top
|bottom
]- Turn pane border status lines off or set their position.
pane-border-style
style- Set the pane border style for panes aside from the active pane. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section. Attributes are ignored.
remain-on-exit
[on
|off
]- A window with this flag set is not destroyed when the program running
in it exits. The window may be reactivated with the
respawn-window
command. synchronize-panes
[on
|off
]- Duplicate input to any pane to all other panes in the same window (only for panes that are not in any special mode).
window-active-style
style- Set the style for the window's active pane. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.
window-status-activity-style
style- Set status line style for windows with an activity alert. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.
window-status-bell-style
style- Set status line style for windows with a bell alert. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.
window-status-current-format
string- Like window-status-format, but is the format used when the window is the current window.
window-status-current-style
style- Set status line style for the currently active window. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.
window-status-format
string- Set the format in which the window is displayed in the status line window list. See the FORMATS and STYLES sections.
window-status-last-style
style- Set status line style for the last active window. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.
window-status-separator
string- Sets the separator drawn between windows in the status line. The default is a single space character.
window-status-style
style- Set status line style for a single window. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.
window-style
style- Set the default window style. For how to specify style, see the STYLES section.
window-size
[smallest
|largest
|manual
]- Tell
tmux
how to automatically size windows either the size of the smallest session containing the window, the size of the largest, or manual size. See also theresize-window
command and thedefault-size
andaggressive-resize
options. wrap-search
[on
|off
]- If this option is set, searches will wrap around the end of the pane contents. The default is on.
xterm-keys
[on
|off
]- If this option is set,
tmux
will generate xterm(1) -style function key sequences; these have a number included to indicate modifiers such as Shift, Alt or Ctrl.
show-options
[-gqsvw
] [-t
target-session | target-window] [option]-
(alias:) Show the window options (or a single window option if given) with
show
-w
(equivalent toshow-window-options
), the server options with-s
, otherwise the session options for target session. Global session or window options are listed if-g
is used.-v
shows only the option value, not the name. If-q
is set, no error will be returned if option is unset. show-window-options
[-gv
] [-t
target-window] [option]-
(alias:) List the window options or a single option for target-window, or the global window options if
showw
-g
is used.-v
shows only the option value, not the name.
HOOKS
tmux
allows commands to run on various
triggers, called
hooks.
Most tmux
commands have an
after
hook and there are a number of hooks not associated with commands.
A command's after hook is run after it completes, except when the
command is run as part of a hook itself. They are named with an
‘after-
’ prefix. For example, the
following command adds a hook to select the even-vertical layout after every
split-window
:
set-hook after-split-window "selectl even-vertical"
All the notifications listed in the
CONTROL MODE section are hooks
(without any arguments), except %exit
. The following
additional hooks are available:
- alert-activity
- Run when a window has activity. See
monitor-activity
. - alert-bell
- Run when a window has received a bell. See
monitor-bell
. - alert-silence
- Run when a window has been silent. See
monitor-silence
. - client-attached
- Run when a client is attached.
- client-detached
- Run when a client is detached
- client-resized
- Run when a client is resized.
- client-session-changed
- Run when a client's attached session is changed.
- pane-died
- Run when the program running in a pane exits, but
remain-on-exit
is on so the pane has not closed. - pane-exited
- Run when the program running in a pane exits.
- pane-focus-in
- Run when the focus enters a pane, if the
focus-events
option is on. - pane-focus-out
- Run when the focus exits a pane, if the
focus-events
option is on. - pane-set-clipboard
- Run when the terminal clipboard is set using the xterm(1) escape sequence.
- session-created
- Run when a new session created.
- session-closed
- Run when a session closed.
- session-renamed
- Run when a session is renamed.
- window-linked
- Run when a window is linked into a session.
- window-renamed
- Run when a window is renamed.
- window-unlinked
- Run when a window is unlinked from a session.
Hooks are managed with these commands:
set-hook
[-gRu
] [-t
target-session] hook-name command- Without
-R
, sets (or with-u
unsets) hook hook-name to command. If-g
is given, hook-name is added to the global list of hooks, otherwise it is added to the session hooks (for target-session with-t
). Like options, session hooks inherit from the global ones.With
-R
, run hook-name immediately. show-hooks
[-g
] [-t
target-session]- Shows the global list of hooks with
-g
, otherwise the session hooks.
MOUSE SUPPORT
If the mouse
option is on (the default is
off), tmux
allows mouse events to be bound as keys.
The name of each key is made up of a mouse event (such as
‘MouseUp1
’) and a location suffix, one
of the following:
Pane |
the contents of a pane |
Border |
a pane border |
Status |
the status line window list |
StatusLeft |
the left part of the status line |
StatusRight |
the right part of the status line |
StatusDefault |
any other part of the status line |
The following mouse events are available:
WheelUp |
WheelDown | ||
MouseDown1 |
MouseUp1 | MouseDrag1 | MouseDragEnd1 |
MouseDown2 |
MouseUp2 | MouseDrag2 | MouseDragEnd2 |
MouseDown3 |
MouseUp3 | MouseDrag3 | MouseDragEnd3 |
DoubleClick1 |
DoubleClick2 | DoubleClick3 | |
TripleClick1 |
TripleClick2 | TripleClick3 |
Each should be suffixed with a location, for example
‘MouseDown1Status
’.
The special token ‘{mouse}
’
or ‘=
’ may be used as
target-window or target-pane in
commands bound to mouse key bindings. It resolves to the window or pane over
which the mouse event took place (for example, the window in the status line
over which button 1 was released for a
‘MouseUp1Status
’ binding, or the pane
over which the wheel was scrolled for a
‘WheelDownPane
’ binding).
The send-keys
-M
flag may be used to forward a mouse event to a pane.
The default key bindings allow the mouse to be used to select and
resize panes, to copy text and to change window using the status line. These
take effect if the mouse
option is turned on.
FORMATS
Certain commands accept the -F
flag with a
format argument. This is a string which controls the
output format of the command. Replacement variables are enclosed in
‘#{
’ and
‘}
’, for example
‘#{session_name}
’. The possible
variables are listed in the table below, or the name of a
tmux
option may be used for an option's value. Some
variables have a shorter alias such as
‘#S
’;
‘##
’ is replaced by a single
‘#
’,
‘#,
’ by a
‘,
’ and
‘#}
’ by a
‘}
’.
Conditionals are available by prefixing with
‘?
’ and separating two alternatives
with a comma; if the specified variable exists and is not zero, the first
alternative is chosen, otherwise the second is used. For example
‘#{?session_attached,attached,not
attached}
’ will include the string
‘attached
’ if the session is attached
and the string ‘not attached
’ if it is
unattached, or
‘#{?automatic-rename,yes,no}
’ will
include ‘yes
’ if
automatic-rename
is enabled, or
‘no
’ if not. Conditionals can be
nested arbitrarily. Inside a conditional,
‘,
’ and
‘}
’ must be escaped as
‘#,
’ and
‘#}
’, unless they are part of a
‘#{...}
’ replacement. For example:
#{?pane_in_mode,#[fg=white#,bg=red],#[fg=red#,bg=white]}#W .
Comparisons may be expressed by prefixing two comma-separated
alternatives by ‘==
’ or
‘!=
’ and a colon. For example
‘#{==:#{host},myhost}
’ will be
replaced by ‘1
’ if running on
‘myhost
’, otherwise by
‘0
’. An
‘m
’ specifies an
fnmatch(3) comparison where the first argument is the pattern and the
second the string to compare, for example
‘#{m:*foo*,#{host}}
’.
‘||
’ and
‘&&
’ evaluate to true if
either or both of two comma-separated alternatives are true, for example
‘#{||:#{pane_in_mode},#{alternate_on}}
’.
A ‘C
’ performs a search for an
fnmatch(3) pattern in the pane content and evaluates to zero if not
found, or a line number if found.
A limit may be placed on the length of the resultant string by
prefixing it by an ‘=
’, a number and a
colon. Positive numbers count from the start of the string and negative from
the end, so ‘#{=5:pane_title}
’ will
include at most the first 5 characters of the pane title, or
‘#{=-5:pane_title}
’ the last 5
characters. Prefixing a time variable with
‘t:
’ will convert it to a string, so
if ‘#{window_activity}
’ gives
‘1445765102
’,
‘#{t:window_activity}
’ gives
‘Sun Oct 25 09:25:02 2015
’. The
‘b:
’ and
‘d:
’ prefixes are
basename(3) and
dirname(3) of the variable respectively.
‘q:
’ will escape
sh(1)
special characters. ‘E:
’ will expand
the format twice, for example
‘#{E:status-left}
’ is the result of
expanding the content of the status-left
option
rather than the content itself. ‘T:
’
is like ‘E:
’ but also expands
strftime(3) specifiers. ‘S:
’,
‘W:
’ or
‘P:
’ will loop over each session,
window or pane and insert the format once for each. For windows and panes,
two comma-separated formats may be given: the second is used for the current
window or active pane. For example, to get a list of windows formatted like
the status line:
#{W:#{E:window-status-format} ,#{E:window-status-current-format} }
A prefix of the form
‘s/foo/bar/:
’ will substitute
‘foo
’ with
‘bar
’ throughout.
In addition, the first line of a shell command's output may be
inserted using ‘#()
’. For example,
‘#(uptime)
’ will insert the system's
uptime. When constructing formats, tmux
does not
wait for ‘#()
’ commands to finish;
instead, the previous result from running the same command is used, or a
placeholder if the command has not been run before. If the command hasn't
exited, the most recent line of output will be used, but the status line
will not be updated more than once a second. Commands are executed with the
tmux
global environment set (see the
ENVIRONMENT section).
The following variables are available, where appropriate:
Variable name | Alias | Replaced with |
alternate_on |
If pane is in alternate screen | |
alternate_saved_x |
Saved cursor X in alternate screen | |
alternate_saved_y |
Saved cursor Y in alternate screen | |
buffer_created |
Time buffer created | |
buffer_name |
Name of buffer | |
buffer_sample |
Sample of start of buffer | |
buffer_size |
Size of the specified buffer in bytes | |
client_activity |
Time client last had activity | |
client_created |
Time client created | |
client_control_mode |
1 if client is in control mode | |
client_discarded |
Bytes discarded when client behind | |
client_height |
Height of client | |
client_key_table |
Current key table | |
client_last_session |
Name of the client's last session | |
client_name |
Name of client | |
client_pid |
PID of client process | |
client_prefix |
1 if prefix key has been pressed | |
client_readonly |
1 if client is readonly | |
client_session |
Name of the client's session | |
client_termname |
Terminal name of client | |
client_termtype |
Terminal type of client | |
client_tty |
Pseudo terminal of client | |
client_utf8 |
1 if client supports utf8 | |
client_width |
Width of client | |
client_written |
Bytes written to client | |
command |
Name of command in use, if any | |
command_list_name |
Command name if listing commands | |
command_list_alias |
Command alias if listing commands | |
command_list_usage |
Command usage if listing commands | |
cursor_flag |
Pane cursor flag | |
cursor_character |
Character at cursor in pane | |
cursor_x |
Cursor X position in pane | |
cursor_y |
Cursor Y position in pane | |
history_bytes |
Number of bytes in window history | |
history_limit |
Maximum window history lines | |
history_size |
Size of history in lines | |
hook |
Name of running hook, if any | |
hook_pane |
ID of pane where hook was run, if any | |
hook_session |
ID of session where hook was run, if any | |
hook_session_name |
Name of session where hook was run, if any | |
hook_window |
ID of window where hook was run, if any | |
hook_window_name |
Name of window where hook was run, if any | |
host |
#H | Hostname of local host |
host_short |
#h | Hostname of local host (no domain name) |
insert_flag |
Pane insert flag | |
keypad_cursor_flag |
Pane keypad cursor flag | |
keypad_flag |
Pane keypad flag | |
line |
Line number in the list | |
mouse_any_flag |
Pane mouse any flag | |
mouse_button_flag |
Pane mouse button flag | |
mouse_standard_flag |
Pane mouse standard flag | |
mouse_all_flag |
Pane mouse all flag | |
pane_active |
1 if active pane | |
pane_at_bottom |
1 if pane is at the bottom of window | |
pane_at_left |
1 if pane is at the left of window | |
pane_at_right |
1 if pane is at the right of window | |
pane_at_top |
1 if pane is at the top of window | |
pane_bottom |
Bottom of pane | |
pane_current_command |
Current command if available | |
pane_dead |
1 if pane is dead | |
pane_dead_status |
Exit status of process in dead pane | |
pane_format |
1 if format is for a pane (not assuming the current) | |
pane_height |
Height of pane | |
pane_id |
#D | Unique pane ID |
pane_in_mode |
If pane is in a mode | |
pane_input_off |
If input to pane is disabled | |
pane_index |
#P | Index of pane |
pane_left |
Left of pane | |
pane_mode |
Name of pane mode, if any. | |
pane_pid |
PID of first process in pane | |
pane_pipe |
1 if pane is being piped | |
pane_right |
Right of pane | |
pane_search_string |
Last search string in copy mode | |
pane_start_command |
Command pane started with | |
pane_synchronized |
If pane is synchronized | |
pane_tabs |
Pane tab positions | |
pane_title |
#T | Title of pane |
pane_top |
Top of pane | |
pane_tty |
Pseudo terminal of pane | |
pane_width |
Width of pane | |
pid |
Server PID | |
rectangle_toggle |
1 if rectangle selection is activated | |
scroll_region_lower |
Bottom of scroll region in pane | |
scroll_region_upper |
Top of scroll region in pane | |
scroll_position |
Scroll position in copy mode | |
selection_present |
1 if selection started in copy mode | |
session_alerts |
List of window indexes with alerts | |
session_attached |
Number of clients session is attached to | |
session_activity |
Time of session last activity | |
session_created |
Time session created | |
session_format |
1 if format is for a session (not assuming the current) | |
session_last_attached |
Time session last attached | |
session_group |
Name of session group | |
session_group_size |
Size of session group | |
session_group_list |
List of sessions in group | |
session_grouped |
1 if session in a group | |
session_height |
Height of session | |
session_id |
Unique session ID | |
session_many_attached |
1 if multiple clients attached | |
session_name |
#S | Name of session |
session_stack |
Window indexes in most recent order | |
session_width |
Width of session | |
session_windows |
Number of windows in session | |
socket_path |
Server socket path | |
start_time |
Server start time | |
window_activity |
Time of window last activity | |
window_activity_flag |
1 if window has activity | |
window_active |
1 if window active | |
window_bell_flag |
1 if window has bell | |
window_end_flag |
1 if window has the highest index | |
window_flags |
#F | Window flags |
window_format |
1 if format is for a window (not assuming the current) | |
window_height |
Height of window | |
window_id |
Unique window ID | |
window_index |
#I | Index of window |
window_last_flag |
1 if window is the last used | |
window_layout |
Window layout description, ignoring zoomed window panes | |
window_linked |
1 if window is linked across sessions | |
window_name |
#W | Name of window |
window_panes |
Number of panes in window | |
window_silence_flag |
1 if window has silence alert | |
window_stack_index |
Index in session most recent stack | |
window_start_flag |
1 if window has the lowest index | |
window_visible_layout |
Window layout description, respecting zoomed window panes | |
window_width |
Width of window | |
window_zoomed_flag |
1 if window is zoomed | |
wrap_flag |
Pane wrap flag |
STYLES
tmux
offers various options to specify the
colour and attributes of aspects of the interface, for example
status-style
for the status line. In addition,
embedded styles may be specified in format options, such as
status-left-format
, by enclosing them in
‘#[
’ and
‘’].
A style may be the single term
‘default
’ to specify the default style
(which may inherit from another option) or a space or comma separated list
of the following:
fg=colour
- Set the foreground colour. The colour is one of:
black
,red
,green
,yellow
,blue
,magenta
,cyan
,white
; if supported the bright variantsbrightred
,brightgreen
,brightyellow
;colour0
tocolour255
from the 256-colour set;default
for the default colour;terminal
for the terminal default colour; or a hexadecimal RGB string such as ‘#ffffff
’. bg=colour
- Set the background colour.
none
- Set no attributes (turn off any active attributes).
bright
(orbold
),dim
,underscore
,blink
,reverse
,hidden
,italics
,strikethrough
,double-underscore
,curly-underscore
,dotted-underscore
,dashed-underscore
- Set an attribute. Any of the attributes may be prefixed with
‘
no
’ to unset. align=left
(ornoalign
),align=centre
,align=right
- Align text to the left, centre or right of the available space if appropriate.
list=on
,list=focus
,list=left-marker
,list=right=marker
,nolist
- Mark the position of the various window list components in the
status-format
option:list=on
marks the start of the list;list=focus
is the part of the list that should be kept in focus if the entire list won't fit in the available space (typically the current window);list=left-marker
andlist=right-marker
mark the text to be used to mark that text has been trimmed from the left or right of the list if there is not enough space. range=left
,range=right
,range=window|X
,norange
- Mark a range in the
status-format
option.range=left
andrange=right
are the text used for the ‘StatusLeft
’ and ‘StatusRight
’ mouse keys.range=window|X
is the range for a window passed to the ‘Status
’ mouse key, where ‘X
’ is a window index.
Examples are:
fg=yellow bold underscore blink bg=black,fg=default,noreverse
NAMES AND TITLES
tmux
distinguishes between names and
titles. Windows and sessions have names, which may be used to specify them
in targets and are displayed in the status line and various lists: the name
is the tmux
identifier for a window or session. Only
panes have titles. A pane's title is typically set by the program running
inside the pane using an escape sequence (like it would set the
xterm(1) window title in
X(7)).
Windows themselves do not have titles - a window's title is the title of its
active pane. tmux
itself may set the title of the
terminal in which the client is running, see the
set-titles
option.
A session's name is set with the
new-session
and
rename-session
commands. A window's name is set with
one of:
- A command argument (such as
-n
fornew-window
ornew-session
). - An escape sequence (if the
allow-rename
option is turned on):$ printf '\033kWINDOW_NAME\033\\'
- Automatic renaming, which sets the name to the active command in the
window's active pane. See the
automatic-rename
option.
When a pane is first created, its title is the hostname. A pane's title can be set via the title setting escape sequence, for example:
$ printf '\033]2;My Title\033\\'
It can also be modified with the
select-pane
-T
command.
ENVIRONMENT
When the server is started, tmux
copies
the environment into the
global
environment; in addition, each session has a session
environment. When a window is created, the session and global
environments are merged. If a variable exists in both, the value from the
session environment is used. The result is the initial environment passed to
the new process.
The update-environment
session option may
be used to update the session environment from the client when a new session
is created or an old reattached. tmux
also
initialises the TMUX
variable with some internal
information to allow commands to be executed from inside, and the
TERM
variable with the correct terminal setting of
‘screen
’.
Commands to alter and view the environment are:
set-environment
[-gru
] [-t
target-session] name [value]-
(alias:) Set or unset an environment variable. If
setenv
-g
is used, the change is made in the global environment; otherwise, it is applied to the session environment for target-session. The-u
flag unsets a variable.-r
indicates the variable is to be removed from the environment before starting a new process. show-environment
[-gs
] [-t
target-session] [variable]-
(alias:) Display the environment for target-session or the global environment with
showenv
-g
. If variable is omitted, all variables are shown. Variables removed from the environment are prefixed with ‘-
’. If-s
is used, the output is formatted as a set of Bourne shell commands.
STATUS LINE
tmux
includes an optional status line
which is displayed in the bottom line of each terminal.
By default, the status line is enabled and one line in height (it
may be disabled or made multiple lines with the
status
session option) and contains, from
left-to-right: the name of the current session in square brackets; the
window list; the title of the active pane in double quotes; and the time and
date.
Each line of the status line is configured with the
status-format
option. The default is made of three
parts: configurable left and right sections (which may contain dynamic
content such as the time or output from a shell command, see the
status-left
,
status-left-length
,
status-right
, and
status-right-length
options below), and a central
window list. By default, the window list shows the index, name and (if any)
flag of the windows present in the current session in ascending numerical
order. It may be customised with the
window-status-format and
window-status-current-format options. The flag is one
of the following symbols appended to the window name:
Symbol | Meaning |
* |
Denotes the current window. |
- |
Marks the last window (previously selected). |
# |
Window activity is monitored and activity has been detected. |
! |
Window bells are monitored and a bell has occurred in the window. |
~ |
The window has been silent for the monitor-silence interval. |
M |
The window contains the marked pane. |
Z |
The window's active pane is zoomed. |
The # symbol relates to the
monitor-activity
window option. The window name is
printed in inverted colours if an alert (bell, activity or silence) is
present.
The colour and attributes of the status line may be configured,
the entire status line using the status-style
session option and individual windows using the
window-status-style
window option.
The status line is automatically refreshed at interval if it has
changed, the interval may be controlled with the
status-interval
session option.
Commands related to the status line are as follows:
command-prompt
[-1i
] [-I
inputs] [-p
prompts] [-t
target-client] [template]- Open the command prompt in a client. This may be used from inside
tmux
to execute commands interactively.If template is specified, it is used as the command. If present,
-I
is a comma-separated list of the initial text for each prompt. If-p
is given, prompts is a comma-separated list of prompts which are displayed in order; otherwise a single prompt is displayed, constructed from template if it is present, or ‘:
’ if not.Before the command is executed, the first occurrence of the string ‘
%%
’ and all occurrences of ‘%1
’ are replaced by the response to the first prompt, all ‘%2
’ are replaced with the response to the second prompt, and so on for further prompts. Up to nine prompt responses may be replaced (‘%1
’ to ‘%9
’). ‘%%%
’ is like ‘%%
’ but any quotation marks are escaped.-1
makes the prompt only accept one key press, in this case the resulting input is a single character.-i
executes the command every time the prompt input changes instead of when the user exits the command prompt.The following keys have a special meaning in the command prompt, depending on the value of the
status-keys
option:Function vi emacs Cancel command prompt
Escape Escape Delete current word
C-w Delete entire command
d C-u Delete from cursor to end
D C-k Execute command
Enter Enter Get next command from history
Down Get previous command from history
Up Insert top paste buffer
p C-y Look for completions
Tab Tab Move cursor left
h Left Move cursor right
l Right Move cursor to end
$ C-e Move cursor to next word
w M-f Move cursor to previous word
b M-b Move cursor to start
0 C-a Transpose characters
C-t confirm-before
[-p
prompt] [-t
target-client] command-
(alias:) Ask for confirmation before executing command. If
confirm
-p
is given, prompt is the prompt to display; otherwise a prompt is constructed from command. It may contain the special character sequences supported by thestatus-left
option.This command works only from inside
tmux
. display-message
[-apv
] [-c
target-client] [-t
target-pane] [message]-
(alias:) Display a message. If
display
-p
is given, the output is printed to stdout, otherwise it is displayed in the target-client status line. The format of message is described in the FORMATS section; information is taken from target-pane if-t
is given, otherwise the active pane for the session attached to target-client.-v
prints verbose logging as the format is parsed and-a
lists the format variables and their values.
BUFFERS
tmux
maintains a set of named
paste buffers. Each buffer may be either explicitly or
automatically named. Explicitly named buffers are named when created with
the set-buffer
or
load-buffer
commands, or by renaming an
automatically named buffer with set-buffer
-n
. Automatically named buffers are given a name
such as ‘buffer0001
’,
‘buffer0002
’ and so on. When the
buffer-limit
option is reached, the oldest
automatically named buffer is deleted. Explicitly named buffers are not
subject to buffer-limit
and may be deleted with
delete-buffer
command.
Buffers may be added using copy-mode
or
the set-buffer
and
load-buffer
commands, and pasted into a window using
the paste-buffer
command. If a buffer command is
used and no buffer is specified, the most recently added automatically named
buffer is assumed.
A configurable history buffer is also maintained for each window.
By default, up to 2000 lines are kept; this can be altered with the
history-limit
option (see the
set-option
command above).
The buffer commands are as follows:
choose-buffer
[-NZ
] [-F
format] [-f
filter] [-O
sort-order] [-t
target-pane] [template]- Put a pane into buffer mode, where a buffer may be chosen interactively
from a list.
-Z
zooms the pane. The following keys may be used in buffer mode:Key Function Enter
Paste selected buffer Up
Select previous buffer Down
Select next buffer C-s
Search by name or content n
Repeat last search t
Toggle if buffer is tagged T
Tag no buffers C-t
Tag all buffers p
Paste selected buffer P
Paste tagged buffers d
Delete selected buffer D
Delete tagged buffers f
Enter a format to filter items O
Change sort order v
Toggle preview q
Exit mode After a buffer is chosen, ‘
%%
’ is replaced by the buffer name in template and the result executed as a command. If template is not given, "paste-buffer -b '%%'" is used.-O
specifies the initial sort order: one of ‘time
’, ‘name
’ or ‘size
’.-f
specifies an initial filter: the filter is a format - if it evaluates to zero, the item in the list is not shown, otherwise it is shown. If a filter would lead to an empty list, it is ignored.-F
specifies the format for each item in the list.-N
starts without the preview. This command works only if at least one client is attached. clear-history
[-t
target-pane]-
(alias:) Remove and free the history for the specified pane.
clearhist
delete-buffer
[-b
buffer-name]-
(alias:) Delete the buffer named buffer-name, or the most recently added automatically named buffer if not specified.
deleteb
list-buffers
[-F
format]-
(alias:) List the global buffers. For the meaning of the
lsb
-F
flag, see the FORMATS section. load-buffer
[-b
buffer-name] path-
(alias:) Load the contents of the specified paste buffer from path.
loadb
paste-buffer
[-dpr
] [-b
buffer-name] [-s
separator] [-t
target-pane]-
(alias:) Insert the contents of a paste buffer into the specified pane. If not specified, paste into the current one. With
pasteb
-d
, also delete the paste buffer. When output, any linefeed (LF) characters in the paste buffer are replaced with a separator, by default carriage return (CR). A custom separator may be specified using the-s
flag. The-r
flag means to do no replacement (equivalent to a separator of LF). If-p
is specified, paste bracket control codes are inserted around the buffer if the application has requested bracketed paste mode. save-buffer
[-a
] [-b
buffer-name] path-
(alias:) Save the contents of the specified paste buffer to path. The
saveb
-a
option appends to rather than overwriting the file. set-buffer
[-a
] [-b
buffer-name] [-n
new-buffer-name] data-
(alias:) Set the contents of the specified buffer to data. The
setb
-a
option appends to rather than overwriting the buffer. The-n
option renames the buffer to new-buffer-name. show-buffer
[-b
buffer-name]-
(alias:) Display the contents of the specified buffer.
showb
MISCELLANEOUS
Miscellaneous commands are as follows:
clock-mode
[-t
target-pane]- Display a large clock.
if-shell
[-bF
] [-t
target-pane] shell-command command [command]-
(alias:) Execute the first command if shell-command returns success or the second command otherwise. Before being executed, shell-command is expanded using the rules specified in the FORMATS section, including those relevant to target-pane. With
if
-b
, shell-command is run in the background.If
-F
is given, shell-command is not executed but considered success if neither empty nor zero (after formats are expanded). lock-server
-
(alias:) Lock each client individually by running the command specified by the
lock
lock-command
option. run-shell
[-b
] [-t
target-pane] shell-command-
(alias:) Execute shell-command in the background without creating a window. Before being executed, shell-command is expanded using the rules specified in the FORMATS section. With
run
-b
, the command is run in the background. After it finishes, any output to stdout is displayed in copy mode (in the pane specified by-t
or the current pane if omitted). If the command doesn't return success, the exit status is also displayed. wait-for
[-L
|-S
|-U
] channel-
(alias:) When used without options, prevents the client from exiting until woken using
wait
wait-for
-S
with the same channel. When-L
is used, the channel is locked and any clients that try to lock the same channel are made to wait until the channel is unlocked withwait-for
-U
.
TERMINFO EXTENSIONS
tmux
understands some unofficial
extensions to
terminfo(5):
- Cs, Cr
- Set the cursor colour. The first takes a single string argument and is
used to set the colour; the second takes no arguments and restores the
default cursor colour. If set, a sequence such as this may be used to
change the cursor colour from inside
tmux
:$ printf '\033]12;red\033\\'
- Smulx
- Set a styled underline. The single parameter is one of: 0 for no underline, 1 for normal underline, 2 for double underline, 3 for curly underline, 4 for dotted underline and 5 for dashed underline.
- Ss, Se
- Set or reset the cursor style. If set, a sequence such as this may be used
to change the cursor to an underline:
$ printf '\033[4 q'
If Se is not set, Ss with argument 0 will be used to reset the cursor style instead.
- Tc
- Indicate that the terminal supports the ‘
direct colour
’ RGB escape sequence (for example, \e[38;2;255;255;255m).If supported, this is used for the initialize colour escape sequence (which may be enabled by adding the ‘
initc
’ and ‘ccc
’ capabilities to thetmux
terminfo(5) entry). - Ms
- Store the current buffer in the host terminal's selection (clipboard). See the set-clipboard option above and the xterm(1) man page.
CONTROL MODE
tmux
offers a textual interface called
control
mode. This allows applications to communicate with
tmux
using a simple text-only protocol.
In control mode, a client sends tmux
commands or command sequences terminated by newlines on standard input. Each
command will produce one block of output on standard output. An output block
consists of a %begin line followed by the output (which
may be empty). The output block ends with a %end or
%error. %begin and matching
%end or %error have two arguments: an
integer time (as seconds from epoch) and command number. For example:
%begin 1363006971 2 0: ksh* (1 panes) [80x24] [layout b25f,80x24,0,0,2] @2 (active) %end 1363006971 2
The refresh-client
-C
command may be used to set the size of a client
in control mode.
In control mode, tmux
outputs
notifications. A notification will never occur inside an output block.
The following notifications are defined:
%client-session-changed
client session-id name- The client is now attached to the session with ID session-id, which is named name.
%exit
[reason]- The
tmux
client is exiting immediately, either because it is not attached to any session or an error occurred. If present, reason describes why the client exited. %layout-change
window-id window-layout window-visible-layout window-flags- The layout of a window with ID window-id changed. The new layout is window-layout. The window's visible layout is window-visible-layout and the window flags are window-flags.
%output
pane-id value- A window pane produced output. value escapes non-printable characters and backslash as octal \xxx.
%pane-mode-changed
pane-id- The pane with ID pane-id has changed mode.
%session-changed
session-id name- The client is now attached to the session with ID session-id, which is named name.
%session-renamed
name- The current session was renamed to name.
%session-window-changed
session-id window-id- The session with ID session-id changed its active window to the window with ID window-id.
%sessions-changed
- A session was created or destroyed.
%unlinked-window-add
window-id- The window with ID window-id was created but is not linked to the current session.
%window-add
window-id- The window with ID window-id was linked to the current session.
%window-close
window-id- The window with ID window-id closed.
%window-pane-changed
window-id pane-id- The active pane in the window with ID window-id changed to the pane with ID pane-id.
%window-renamed
window-id name- The window with ID window-id was renamed to name.
FILES
- ~/.tmux.conf
- Default
tmux
configuration file. - /etc/tmux.conf
- System-wide configuration file.
EXAMPLES
To create a new tmux
session running
vi(1):
$ tmux new-session vi
Most commands have a shorter form, known as an alias. For
new-session, this is new
:
$ tmux new vi
Alternatively, the shortest unambiguous form of a command is accepted. If there are several options, they are listed:
$ tmux n ambiguous command: n, could be: new-session, new-window, next-window
Within an active session, a new window may be created by typing
‘C-b c
’ (Ctrl followed by the
‘b
’ key followed by the
‘c
’ key).
Windows may be navigated with: ‘C-b
0
’ (to select window 0), ‘C-b
1
’ (to select window 1), and so on;
‘C-b n
’ to select the next window; and
‘C-b p
’ to select the previous
window.
A session may be detached using ‘C-b
d
’ (or by an external event such as
ssh(1) disconnection) and reattached with:
$ tmux attach-session
Typing ‘C-b ?
’ lists the
current key bindings in the current window; up and down may be used to
navigate the list or ‘q
’ to exit from
it.
Commands to be run when the tmux
server is
started may be placed in the ~/.tmux.conf
configuration file. Common examples include:
Changing the default prefix key:
set-option -g prefix C-a unbind-key C-b bind-key C-a send-prefix
Turning the status line off, or changing its colour:
set-option -g status off set-option -g status-style bg=blue
Setting other options, such as the default command, or locking after 30 minutes of inactivity:
set-option -g default-command "exec /bin/ksh" set-option -g lock-after-time 1800
Creating new key bindings:
bind-key b set-option status bind-key / command-prompt "split-window 'exec man %%'" bind-key S command-prompt "new-window -n %1 'ssh %1'"
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>