RESTORE(8) | System Manager's Manual | RESTORE(8) |
restore
, rrestore
— restore files or file systems from backups made
with dump
restore |
[-chimRrtvxy ] [-b
blocksize] [-f
file] [-s
fileno] [file ...] |
The restore
command performs the inverse
function of dump(8). A full
backup of a file system may be restored and subsequent incremental backups
layered on top of it. Single files and directory subtrees may be restored
from full or partial backups. Other arguments to the command are file or
directory names specifying the files that are to be restored. Unless the
-h
flag is specified (see below), the appearance of
a directory name refers to the files and (recursively) subdirectories of
that directory.
restore
works across networks, replacing
the functionality of the old rrestore
program
(though restore
may still be invoked as
rrestore
). See the -f
option
for more on reading backups from remote hosts.
Exactly one of the following flags is required:
-i
restore
provides a shell like interface that
allows the user to move around the directory tree selecting files to be
extracted. The available commands are given below; for those commands that
require an argument, the default is the current directory.
add
[arg]-h
flag is specified on the command line).
Files that are on the extraction list are prepended with a
“*” when they are listed by
ls
.cd
argdelete
[arg]-h
flag is specified on the command line). The
most expedient way to extract most of the files from a directory is to
add the directory to the extraction list and then delete those files
that are not needed.extract
restore
will ask which volume the user wishes
to mount. The fastest way to extract a few files is to start with the
last volume and work towards the first volume.help
ls
[arg]pwd
quit
setmodes
verbose
-v
flag is toggled. When set,
the verbose flag causes the ls
command to list
the inode numbers of all entries. It also causes
restore
to print out information about each
file as it is extracted.what
-R
restore
requests a particular tape of a
multi-volume set on which to restart a full restore (see the
-r
flag below). This is useful if the restore has
been interrupted.-r
-r
flag may
be used to restore any necessary incremental backups on top of the level
0. The -r
flag precludes an interactive file
extraction and can be detrimental to one's health (not to mention the
disk) if not used carefully. An example of correct usage:
# newfs /dev/rsd0g # mount /dev/sd0g /mnt # cd /mnt # restore rf /dev/rst0
Note that restore
leaves a file
restoresymtable in the root directory to pass
information between incremental restore passes. This file should be
removed when the last incremental has been restored.
restore
, in conjunction with
newfs(8) and
dump(8), may be used to
modify file system parameters such as size or block size.
-t
-h
flag has been specified. Note that the
-t
flag replaces the function of the old
dumpdir
program.-x
-h
flag is not specified, the directory is
recursively extracted. The owner, modification time, and mode are restored
(if possible). If no file argument is given, the root directory is
extracted, which results in the entire content of the backup being
extracted, unless the -h
flag has been
specified.The following additional options may be specified:
-b
blocksize-b
option is not specified, restore
tries to
determine the block size dynamically.-c
restore
will try to determine
dynamically whether the dump was made from an old (pre-4.4) or new format
file system. The -c
flag disables this check, and
only allows reading a dump in the old format.-f
file-
” (the standard input). If the
name of the file is of the form “host:file” or
“user@host:file”, restore
reads from
the named file on the remote host using
rmt(8).-h
-m
-s
fileno-v
restore
does its work silently. The
-v
(verbose) flag causes it to type the name of
each file it treats preceded by its file type.-y
If the following environment variable exists it will be utilized
by restore
:
TMPDIR
TMPDIR
will be used instead
of /tmp to store temporary files. Refer to
environ(7) for more
information.TAPE
Complains if it gets a read error. If -y
has been specified, or the user responds “y”,
restore
will attempt to continue the restore.
If a backup was made using more than one tape volume,
restore
will notify the user when it is time to
mount the next volume. If the -x
or
-i
flag has been specified,
restore
will also ask which volume the user wishes
to mount. The fastest way to extract a few files is to start with the last
volume, and work towards the first volume.
There are numerous consistency checks that can be listed by
restore
. Most checks are self-explanatory or can
“never happen”. Common errors are given below.
restore
may have to
resynchronize itself. This message lists the number of blocks that were
skipped over.The restore
command appeared in
4.2BSD.
The 4.3BSD option syntax is implemented for backward compatibility but is not documented here.
restore
can get confused when doing
incremental restores from dumps that were made on active file systems.
A level 0 dump must be done after a full restore. Because
restore
runs in user mode, it has no control over
inode allocation; thus a full dump must be done to get a new set of
directories reflecting the new inode numbering, even though the content of
the files is unchanged.
The temporary files /tmp/rstdir* and
/tmp/rstmode* are generated with a unique name based
on the date of the dump and the process ID (see
mktemp(3)), except when
-r
or -R
is used. Because
-R
allows you to restart a
-r
operation that may have been interrupted, the
temporary files should be the same across different processes. In all other
cases, the files are unique because it is possible to have two different
dumps started at the same time, and separate operations shouldn't conflict
with each other.
November 21, 2015 | OpenBSD-6.4 |