SSH-KEYSCAN(1) | General Commands Manual | SSH-KEYSCAN(1) |
ssh-keyscan
—
gather ssh public keys
ssh-keyscan |
[-46cHv ]
[-f file]
[-p port]
[-T timeout]
[-t type]
[host | addrlist namelist] ... |
ssh-keyscan
is a utility for gathering the
public ssh host keys of a number of hosts. It was designed to aid in
building and verifying ssh_known_hosts files.
ssh-keyscan
provides a minimal interface suitable
for use by shell and perl scripts.
ssh-keyscan
uses non-blocking socket I/O
to contact as many hosts as possible in parallel, so it is very efficient.
The keys from a domain of 1,000 hosts can be collected in tens of seconds,
even when some of those hosts are down or do not run ssh. For scanning, one
does not need login access to the machines that are being scanned, nor does
the scanning process involve any encryption.
The options are as follows:
-4
ssh-keyscan
to use IPv4 addresses
only.-6
ssh-keyscan
to use IPv6 addresses
only.-c
-f
filessh-keyscan
will
read hosts or “addrlist namelist” pairs from the standard
input.-H
ssh
and sshd
,
but they do not reveal identifying information should the file's contents
be disclosed.-p
port-T
timeout-t
type-v
ssh-keyscan
to print
debugging messages about its progress.If an ssh_known_hosts file is constructed using
ssh-keyscan
without verifying the keys, users will
be vulnerable to man
in the middle attacks. On the other hand, if the security model
allows such a risk, ssh-keyscan
can help in the
detection of tampered keyfiles or man in the middle attacks which have begun
after the ssh_known_hosts file was created.
Input format:
1.2.3.4,1.2.4.4 name.my.domain,name,n.my.domain,n,1.2.3.4,1.2.4.4
Output format for RSA1 keys:
host-or-namelist bits exponent modulus
Output format for RSA, DSA, ECDSA, and Ed25519 keys:
host-or-namelist keytype base64-encoded-key
Where keytype is either “ecdsa-sha2-nistp256”, “ecdsa-sha2-nistp384”, “ecdsa-sha2-nistp521”, “ssh-ed25519”, “ssh-dss” or “ssh-rsa”.
/etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
Print the rsa host key for machine hostname:
$ ssh-keyscan hostname
Find all hosts from the file ssh_hosts which have new or different keys from those in the sorted file ssh_known_hosts:
$ ssh-keyscan -t rsa,dsa,ecdsa,ed25519 -f ssh_hosts | \ sort -u - ssh_known_hosts | diff ssh_known_hosts -
David Mazieres <dm@lcs.mit.edu> wrote the initial version, and Wayne Davison <wayned@users.sourceforge.net> added support for protocol version 2.
It generates "Connection closed by remote host" messages on the consoles of all the machines it scans if the server is older than version 2.9. This is because it opens a connection to the ssh port, reads the public key, and drops the connection as soon as it gets the key.
November 8, 2015 | OpenBSD-5.9 |