NAME
ssh-agent
—
authentication agent
SYNOPSIS
ssh-agent |
[-c | -s ]
[-d ] [-a
bind_address] [-t
life] [command
[arg ...]] |
ssh-agent |
[-c | -s ]
-k |
DESCRIPTION
ssh-agent
is a program to hold private
keys used for public key authentication (RSA, DSA, ECDSA, ED25519). The idea
is that ssh-agent
is started in the beginning of an
X-session or a login session, and all other windows or programs are started
as clients to the ssh-agent program. Through use of environment variables
the agent can be located and automatically used for authentication when
logging in to other machines using
ssh(1).
The options are as follows:
-a
bind_address- Bind the agent to the UNIX-domain socket bind_address. The default is $TMPDIR/ssh-XXXXXXXXXX/agent.<ppid>.
-c
- Generate C-shell commands on
stdout
. This is the default ifSHELL
looks like it's a csh style of shell. -d
- Debug mode. When this option is specified
ssh-agent
will not fork. -k
- Kill the current agent (given by the
SSH_AGENT_PID
environment variable). -s
- Generate Bourne shell commands on
stdout
. This is the default ifSHELL
does not look like it's a csh style of shell. -t
life- Set a default value for the maximum lifetime of identities added to the agent. The lifetime may be specified in seconds or in a time format specified in sshd_config(5). A lifetime specified for an identity with ssh-add(1) overrides this value. Without this option the default maximum lifetime is forever.
If a commandline is given, this is executed as a subprocess of the agent. When the command dies, so does the agent.
The agent initially does not have any private keys. Keys are added
using ssh-add(1). When executed without arguments,
ssh-add(1) adds the files ~/.ssh/id_rsa,
~/.ssh/id_dsa,
~/.ssh/id_ecdsa,
~/.ssh/id_ed25519 and
~/.ssh/identity. If the identity has a passphrase,
ssh-add(1) asks for the passphrase on the terminal if it has one or
from a small X11 program if running under X11. If neither of these is the
case then the authentication will fail. It then sends the identity to the
agent. Several identities can be stored in the agent; the agent can
automatically use any of these identities. ssh-add
-l
displays the identities currently held by the agent.
The idea is that the agent is run in the user's local PC, laptop, or terminal. Authentication data need not be stored on any other machine, and authentication passphrases never go over the network. However, the connection to the agent is forwarded over SSH remote logins, and the user can thus use the privileges given by the identities anywhere in the network in a secure way.
There are two main ways to get an agent set up: The first is that
the agent starts a new subcommand into which some environment variables are
exported, eg ssh-agent xterm &
. The second is
that the agent prints the needed shell commands (either
sh(1)
or csh(1) syntax can be generated) which can be evaluated in the calling
shell, eg eval `ssh-agent -s`
for Bourne-type shells
such as sh(1) or ksh(1) and eval `ssh-agent -c`
for
csh(1) and derivatives.
Later ssh(1) looks at these variables and uses them to establish a connection to the agent.
The agent will never send a private key over its request channel. Instead, operations that require a private key will be performed by the agent, and the result will be returned to the requester. This way, private keys are not exposed to clients using the agent.
A UNIX-domain socket is created and the
name of this socket is stored in the SSH_AUTH_SOCK
environment variable. The socket is made accessible only to the current
user. This method is easily abused by root or another instance of the same
user.
The SSH_AGENT_PID
environment variable
holds the agent's process ID.
The agent exits automatically when the command given on the command line terminates.
FILES
- ~/.ssh/identity
- Contains the protocol version 1 RSA authentication identity of the user.
- ~/.ssh/id_dsa
- Contains the protocol version 2 DSA authentication identity of the user.
- ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa
- Contains the protocol version 2 ECDSA authentication identity of the user.
- ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
- Contains the protocol version 2 ED25519 authentication identity of the user.
- ~/.ssh/id_rsa
- Contains the protocol version 2 RSA authentication identity of the user.
- $TMPDIR/ssh-XXXXXXXXXX/agent.<ppid>
- UNIX-domain sockets used to contain the connection to the authentication agent. These sockets should only be readable by the owner. The sockets should get automatically removed when the agent exits.
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free ssh 1.2.12 release by Tatu Ylonen. Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos, Theo de Raadt and Dug Song removed many bugs, re-added newer features and created OpenSSH. Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH protocol versions 1.5 and 2.0.