NAME
cwm
—
a lightweight and efficient window
manager for X11
SYNOPSIS
cwm |
[-c file]
[-d display] |
DESCRIPTION
cwm
is a window manager for X11 which
contains many features that concentrate on the efficiency and transparency
of window management. cwm
also aims to maintain the
simplest and most pleasant aesthetic.
The following notation is used throughout this page:
cwm
is very simple in its use. Most of the
actions are initiated via key bindings. The current key bindings are
described below; their functionality is described in more detail later.
CM-Return
- Spawn a new terminal.
CM-Delete
- Lock the screen.
M-Return
- Hide current window.
M-Down
- Lower current window.
M-Up
- Raise current window.
M-/
- Search for windows.
C-/
- Search for applications.
CM-n
- Label current window.
M-Tab
- Cycle through currently visible windows.
MS-Tab
- Reverse cycle through currently visible windows.
CM-x
- Delete current window.
CM-[n]
- Select group n, where n is 1-9.
CM-0
- Select all groups.
CM-g
- Toggle group membership of current window.
M-Right
- Cycle through active groups.
M-Left
- Reverse cycle through active groups.
CMS-f
- Toggle freezing geometry of current window.
CM-f
- Toggle full-screen size of current window.
CM-=
- Toggle vertical maximization of current window.
CMS-=
- Toggle horizontal maximization of current window.
M-?
- Spawn “exec program” dialog.
M-.
- Spawn “ssh to” dialog. This parses $HOME/.ssh/known_hosts to provide host auto-completion. ssh(1) will be executed via the configured terminal emulator.
CM-w
- Spawn “exec WindowManager” dialog; allows you to switch from
cwm
to another window manager without restarting the X server. CMS-r
- Reload configuration.
CMS-q
- Quit
cwm
.
The mouse bindings are also important, they are:
The options for cwm
are as follows:
-c
file- Specify the config file to use. Defaults to ~/.cwmrc.
-d
display- Specify the display to use.
POINTER MOVEMENT
The pointer can be moved with the use of the keyboard through
bindings. C-[Up|Down|Left|Right]
moves the pointer a
small amount, while CS-[Up|Down|Left|Right]
moves
the pointer a larger amount. For example, to move the pointer to the left by
a small amount, press C-Left
. To move the pointer
down by a larger amount, press CS-Down
.
WINDOW MOVEMENT AND RESIZING
cwm
windows can be moved with the use of
the keyboard through vi
-like bindings.
M-[hjkl]
moves the current window a small amount,
while MS-[hjkl]
moves the current window a larger
amount. For example, to move the current window to the left a small amount,
press M-h
. To move the current window down by a
larger amount, press MS-j
.
Similarly, windows may be resized with the same key bindings with
the addition of the Control key. CM-[hjkl]
resizes
the window a small amount and CMS-[hjkl]
resizes by
a larger increment.
SEARCH
cwm
features the ability to search for
windows by their current title, old titles, and by their label. The priority
for the search results are: label, current title, old titles in reverse
order, and finally window class name. cwm
keeps a
history of the 5 previous titles of a window.
When searching, the leftmost character of the result list may show a flag:
- !
- The window is the currently focused window.
- &
- The window is hidden.
The following key bindings may be used to navigate the result list:
[Down], C-s
orM-j
- Select the next window in the list.
[Up], C-r
orM-k
- Select the previous window in the list.
[Backspace]
orC-h
- Backspace.
C-u
- Clear the input.
[Return]
- Focus the selected window.
[Esc]
- Cancel.
C-a
- Whenever there are no matching windows, list every window.
GROUPS
cwm
has the ability to group windows
together, and use the groups to perform operations on the entire group
instead of just one window. Currently, the only operation that is supported
is to hide and unhide the grouped windows. Together with the
sticky option, this can be used to emulate virtual
desktops.
To edit groups, use the group selection commands to toggle membership of a group. A blue border will be shown briefly on windows added to the current group, and a red border will be shown on those just removed.
MENUS
Menus are recalled by clicking the mouse on the root window:
ENVIRONMENT
- DISPLAY
cwm
starts on this display unless the-d
option is given.
FILES
- ~/.cwmrc
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS
cwm
was developed by
Marius Aamodt Eriksen
⟨marius@monkey.org⟩ with contributions from
Andy Adamson ⟨dros@monkey.org⟩,
Niels Provos ⟨provos@monkey.org⟩, and
Antti Nykänen ⟨aon@iki.fi⟩.
Ideas, discussion with many others.
HISTORY
cwm
was originally inspired by evilwm, but
was rewritten from scratch due to limitations in the evilwm codebase. The
from-scratch rewrite borrowed some code from 9wm, however that code has
since been removed or rewritten.
cwm
first appeared in
OpenBSD 4.2.