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URTWN(4) Device Drivers Manual URTWN(4)

urtwnRealtek RTL8188CU/RTL8188EU/RTL8192CU USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless network device

urtwn* at uhub? port ?

The urtwn driver supports USB 2.0 wireless network devices based on Realtek RTL8188CUS, RTL8188CE-VAU, RTL8188EUS, RTL8188RU and RTL8192CU chipsets.

The RTL8188CUS and RTL8188EUS are highly integrated 802.11n adapters that combine a MAC, a 1T1R capable baseband and an RF in a single chip. They operate in the 2GHz spectrum only. The RTL8188RU is a high-power variant of the RTL8188CUS. The RTL8188CE-VAU is a PCI Express Mini Card adapter that attaches to the USB interface.

The RTL8192CU is a highly integrated multiple-in, multiple-out (MIMO) 802.11n adapter that combines a MAC, a 2T2R capable baseband and an RF in a single chip. It operates in the 2GHz spectrum only.

These are the modes the urtwn driver can operate in:

BSS mode
Also known as mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through which all traffic passes. This mode is the default.
monitor mode
In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without associating with an access point. This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to, or to scan for access points.

The urtwn driver can be configured to use Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK). WPA is the current encryption standard for wireless networks. It is strongly recommended that WEP not be used as the sole mechanism to secure wireless communication, due to serious weaknesses in it.

The urtwn driver can be configured at runtime with ifconfig(8) or on boot with hostname.if(5).

The driver needs at least version 1.1p0 of the following firmware files, which are loaded when an interface is attached:

/etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8192cfwT
 
/etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8192cfwU
 
/etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8723fw
 
/etc/firmware/urtwn-rtl8188eufw
 

A prepackaged version of the firmware can be installed using fw_update(1).

The following adapters should work:

Airlink101 AWLL5088
 
Alfa AWUS036NHR
 
Aus. Linx AL-9604R1S
 
B-Link BL-LW05-5R
 
Belkin F7D1102 Surf Wireless Micro
 
D-Link DWA-121
 
D-Link DWA-123 rev D1
 
D-Link DWA-125 rev D1
 
D-Link DWA-131 rev B
 
D-Link DWA-133
 
D-Link DWA-135
 
Digitus DN-7042
 
Edimax EW-7811Un
 
EDUP EP-N8508
 
Elecom WDC-150SU2M
 
Full River FR-W100NUL
 
Hercules Wireless N USB Pico HWNUp-150
 
IO-DATA WN-G150UM
 
ISY IWL4000 USB Wireless Micro Adapter
 
Netgear WNA1000A
 
Patriot PCUSBW1150
 
Planex GW-USEco300
 
Planex GW-USNano2
 
Planex GW-USValue-EZ
 
Planex GW-USWExtreme
 
POWCHIP POW-N18
 
Prolink WN2201
 
Sitecom WL-365
 
Solwise NET-WL-UMD-606N
 
TP-LINK TL-WN723N v3
 
TP-LINK TL-WN725N v2
 
TP-Link TL-WN821N v4
 
TRENDnet TEW-648UBM
 

The following example scans for available networks:

# ifconfig urtwn0 scan

The following hostname.if(5) example configures urtwn0 to join network “mynwid”, using WPA key “mywpakey”, obtaining an IP address using DHCP:

nwid mynwid
wpakey mywpakey
dhcp

urtwn0: error N, could not read firmware ...
For some reason, the driver was unable to read the microcode file from the filesystem. The file might be missing or corrupted.
urtwn0: device timeout
A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. The driver will reset the hardware. This should not happen.

arp(4), ifmedia(4), intro(4), netintro(4), usb(4), hostname.if(5), ifconfig(8)

The urtwn driver first appeared in OpenBSD 4.9.

The urtwn driver was written by Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr>.

The urtwn driver does not support any of the 802.11n capabilities offered by the adapters. Additional work is required in ieee80211(9) before those features can be supported.

May 15, 2015 OpenBSD-5.8